ABC transporter-driven pharmacoresistance in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

ABC transporter-driven pharmacoresistance in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.060
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发表时间:
2015-05-14
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Trotti, Davide
Trotti, Davide
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jablonski, Michael;Miller, David S.;Pasinelli, Piera;Trotti, Davide

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肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS) 是一种缓慢进展的神经退行性疾病,影响神经系统的运动神经元。尽管在体外模型中鉴定出许多针对致病机制的潜在疗法,但将它们转化为 ALS 动物模型中成功的药物疗法方面进展有限。此外,将临床前试验的任何有希望的结果转化为对患者有效的药物疗法的努力均未成功,但利鲁唑除外,利鲁唑是 FDA 批准的唯一药物,它只能适度延长动物模型和患者的生存期。因此,有必要重新考虑开发 ALS 药物疗法的策略。越来越多的证据表明,识别高效 ALS 治疗方法的问题可能是由于低估了由 ATP 结合盒 (ABC) 药物外排转运蛋白介导的药物生物利用度和疾病驱动的耐药性问题造成的。 ABC 转运蛋白主要定位于血脑和血脊髓屏障(BBB、BSCB)的内皮细胞腔,在那里它们限制各种神经毒物和异生物质以及治疗药物进入中枢神经系统(CNS)。在 ALS 中,ABC 转运蛋白在 BBB/BSCB 的表达和功能增加,并且在中枢神经系统实质的神经元和神经胶质细胞上检测到它们的表达,这可能会进一步降低靶细胞的治疗作用。了解并解释这些转运蛋白对 ALS 耐药性的贡献,既可以改善利鲁唑的适度作用,又可以重新评估之前令人失望的 ALS 药物。此外,确定 ALS 中调节 ABC 转运蛋白表达和功能的致病机制可能会导致新治疗策略的开发。新的药理学方法可能需要抵消耐药性以提高治疗效果。
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons of the nervous system. Despite the identification of many potential therapeutics targeting pathogenic mechanisms in in vitro models, there has been limited progress in translating them into a successful pharmacotherapy in the animal model of ALS. Further, efforts to translate any promising results from preclinical trials to effective pharmacotherapies for patients have been unsuccessful, with the exception of riluzole, the only FDA-approved medication, which only modestly extends survival both in the animal model and in patients. Thus, it is essential to reconsider the strategies for developing ALS pharmacotherapies. Growing evidence suggests that problems identifying highly effective ALS treatments may result from an underestimated issue of drug bioavailability and disease-driven pharmacoresistance, mediated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux transporters. ABC transporters are predominately localized to the lumen of endothelial cells of the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers (BBB, BSCB) where they limit the entry into the central nervous system (CNS) of a wide range of neurotoxicants and xenobiotics, but also therapeutics. In ALS, expression and function of ABC transporters is increased at the BBB/BSCB and their expression has been detected on neurons and glia in the CNS parenchyma, which may further reduce therapeutic action in target cells. Understanding and accounting for the contribution of these transporters to ALS pharmacoresistance could both improve the modest effects of riluzole and set in motion a re-evaluation of previous ALS drug disappointments. In addition, identifying pathogenic mechanisms regulating ABC transporter expression and function in ALS may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. It is likely that novel pharmacological approaches require counteracting pharmacoresistance to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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