Control of muscle size during disuse, disease, and aging
Control of muscle size during disuse, disease, and aging
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DOI：
10.1055/s-2005-837571
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Alway, SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Degens, H;Alway, SE
骨骼肌是一种可塑性很强的组织。例如，肌肉在力量训练期间肥大，并增加其氧化能力以响应耐力训练。然而，与废用相关的条件也伴随着适应，其中萎缩和从慢到快的转变最为突出。快肌和慢肌对废用的反应不同。肌肉对不同废用模型的不同反应表明，负荷是最重要的，但活动水平、神经营养因子和衰老也在决定肌肉的质量、形态、收缩特性和疲劳性方面发挥作用。废用过程中的肌肉损失是细胞凋亡的结果，至少部分是这样。最后，衰老和慢性疾病（如慢性心力衰竭和慢性阻塞性肺病）期间骨骼肌的消耗和重塑并不完全归因于废用，但也与疾病的继发性后果有关，最明显的是炎症。除了激活其他途径，我们提出的证据表明，在衰老和慢性疾病的炎症导致肌肉萎缩通过改变丰度和/或活动的肌肉特异性转录因子和诱导细胞凋亡，系统性炎症父亲比废用是肌肉萎缩的主要原因在衰老和慢性疾病。
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue. For example, muscle hypertrophies during strength training and increases its oxidative capacity in response to endurance training. Conditions associated with disuse, however, are also accompanied by adaptations, of which atrophy and a slow-to-fast transition are most prominent. Fast and slow muscles respond differently to disuse. The different response of muscle to different models of disuse reveals that loading is most important, but that also activity level, neurotrophic factors, and ageing play a part in determining the mass, morphology, contractile properties, and fatigability of a muscle. Muscle loss during disuse is a result, at least in part, of apoptosis. Finally, skeletal muscle wasting and remodelling during ageing and chronic disorders, such as chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are not entirely attributable to disuse, but are also related to secondary consequences of the disease, most notably inflammation. Besides activating other pathways, we present evidence that inflammation during ageing and chronic disorders causes muscle wasting via alterations in abundance and/or activity of muscle specific transcription factors and induction of apoptosis, and that systemic inflammation Father than disuse is the primary cause of muscle wasting during ageing and chronic disorders.