Luminescent Probe Based Techniques for Hypoxia Imaging.
Luminescent Probe Based Techniques for Hypoxia Imaging.
复制标题
DOI：
10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00160
复制
发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Sandhu;LeNaiya A. Kydd;J. Jaworski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Sandhu;LeNaiya A. Kydd;J. Jaworski
缺氧是组织环境中的一种状态，其中可用的氧气水平低于正常水平，它是各种疾病的根本原因和指标。检测肿瘤中的缺氧对于进一步了解其病理作用和开发适当的治疗方法是必要的，因为众所周知，缺氧肿瘤能够通过对许多治疗方法的抵抗来阻碍癌症的治疗过程。因此，能够通过体内成像方法检测组织和肿瘤中的缺氧是很重要的。近年来，荧光/发光探针的使用加速了体内缺氧检测的发展。对选择性和灵敏度的不断追求激发了研究人员对荧光/发光探针设计的新策略。本文将讨论各种基于小分子、染料、大分子和纳米颗粒的发光探针，用于直接或间接地检测氧水平，如在缺氧环境中出现的酶或相关因素的存在。根据特定的检测机制，每个探针都具有特定的结构和光物理性质，从而允许其选择性和灵敏度。这些探针具有低毒性和高特异性等优点，并为缺氧检测提供了新的维度，有助于未来临床诊断缺氧组织和肿瘤的潜在方法。
Hypoxia is a condition of tissue environments wherein a lower than normal level of oxygen is available, and it serves as the root cause and indicator of various diseases. Detection of hypoxia in tumors is imperative for furthering our understanding of the pathological effects and the development of proper treatments, as it is well established that hypoxic tumors are able to impede the cancer treatment process by being resistant to many therapies. It is important therefore to be able to detect hypoxia in tissues and tumors through in vivo imaging methods. A growing area for detection of hypoxia in vivo is the use of fluorescent/luminescent probes which has accelerated in recent years. The continued quest for improvements in selectivity and sensitivity has inspired researchers to pursue new strategies for fluorescence/luminescent probe design. This review will discuss various luminescent probes based on small molecules, dyes, macromolecules, and nanoparticles for sensitive and specific detection of oxygen levels directly or by indirect mechanisms such as the presence of enzymes or related factors that arise in a hypoxic environment. Following the particular mechanism of detection, each probe has specific structural and photophysical properties which permit its selectivity and sensitivity. These probes show promise in terms of low toxicity and high specificity among other merits discussed, and in providing new dimensions for hypoxia detection, these works contribute to future potential methods for clinical diagnosis of hypoxic tissues and tumors.