The Red Queen and her king: cooperation at all levels of life.
The Red Queen and her king: cooperation at all levels of life.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.21608
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
K. Weiss;A. Buchanan;Brian W. Lambert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Weiss;A. Buchanan;Brian W. Lambert
《镜中世界》中的红皇后经常被用来比喻达尔文所描述的生活中无情的、不懈的竞争。这种形象很适合我们的文化，它强调竞争和不平等，但对自然本身却不那么重要。生活显然更多的是合作，在各个层面上，通过各种无处不在的机制，而不是竞争。大多数物种的大多数有机体都没有接近众所周知的马尔萨斯生存边缘，因此选择将检测到它们表现中最微小的差异并增强其遗传基础。通过多个实体的互动进行合作是生活的许多基本方面所固有的，其重要性尚未得到足够广泛的认识。在这里，我们讨论了一套原则，这是工作。我们用计算机模拟人类学感兴趣的一个话题来说明这一点，即头部的发展。从某种意义上说，我们的文化颠倒了隐喻。红色的皇家家族更准确地象征着生命的本质，无论是人类还是其他。
The Red Queen in "Through the Looking Glass" is often used as a metaphor for the relentless, unremitting competitive struggle by which Darwin described life. That imagery fits comfortably in our culture, with its emphasis on competition and inequity, but less so for nature herself. Life is manifestly much more about cooperation, at all levels and through a variety of ubiquitous mechanisms, than it is about competition. Most organisms of most species are nowhere near the proverbial Malthusian edge of survival, such that selection will detect the tiniest difference in their performance and enhance its genetic basis. Cooperation through interaction of multiple entities is inherent in many fundamental aspects of life, and its importance is not widely enough appreciated. Here we discuss a set of principles by which this works. We illustrate the points with a computer simulation of a topic of interest to anthropology, the development of the head. In a sense, our culture has its metaphors reversed. The red royal family is a more accurate symbol for the true nature of life, human or otherwise.