Extending Hawkins’ comparative typology: Case, word order, and verb agreement in the Germanic languages
Extending Hawkins’ comparative typology: Case, word order, and verb agreement in the Germanic languages
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扩展霍金斯的比较类型学：日耳曼语言中的格、词序和动词一致性
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
G. D. Vogelaer
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作者：
G. D. Vogelaer
在一本著名的书中，Hawkins（1986）扩展了Sapir（1921）的原始想法，将德语和英语之间的一些类型学差异归因于德语使用形态手段（即格）来区分语法关系，而英语使用严格的SVO词序。荷兰语对霍金斯的概括似乎有问题，因为无论是格还是词序都不能一致地用来表达基本的语法关系。使用动词一致作为一个额外的参数，荷兰语可以整合在霍金斯的类型学。此外，来自斯堪的纳维亚语言和南非荷兰语的数据表明，霍金斯的“语法语序”概念可以被一个更精确的语序特征所取代，即在所有句子类型中将动词置于主语和宾语之间的可能性。
In a well-known book, Hawkins (1986), expanding on an original idea by Sapir (1921), attributes a number of typological differences between German and English to the fact that German uses morphological means (i.e. case) to distinguish grammatical relations, whereas English makes use of a strict-SVO word order. Dutch seems problematic to Hawkins’ generalisation, in that neither case nor word order can be used consistently to express the basic grammatical relations. Using verb agreement as an extra parameter, Dutch can be integrated in Hawkins’ typology. In addition, data from Scandinavian languages and Afrikaans indicate that Hawkins’ notion of ‘grammatical word order’ can be replaced by a more precise word order feature, viz. the possibility to place verbs in between subjects and objects in all sentence types.