Leadership, social learning, and the maintenance (or collapse) of migratory populations
Leadership, social learning, and the maintenance (or collapse) of migratory populations
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DOI：
10.1007/s12080-011-0124-2
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Noble, Andrew E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fagan, William F.;Cantrell, Robert Stephen;Noble, Andrew E.
动物的长途迁徙是一种复杂的、种群水平的现象，是环境影响（如资源、捕食者）和同种动物之间的社会互动相互作用的结果，出现在季节性景观中。当景观在物候或连通性方面发生变化时，迁徙物种的动态可能突然改变，在许多情况下导致迁徙停止和种群规模急剧减少。我们开发了一个差分方程模型框架，以探讨从知情的“领导者”个体的知识的社会转移如何提高季节性迁移人口与常住人口的绩效。该模型允许广泛的种群水平行为，包括可选择的稳定状态、部分迁移平衡和复杂的动态，但我们的工作重点是调查由于缺乏知情的领导者而导致的迁移崩溃，这种迁移崩溃可能由景观结构、生存、繁殖和/或社会学习的变化引起。在该模型中，迁移崩溃是一种滞后现象，其结果要么是种群灭绝，要么是纯粹的居住行为。迁移失败的滞后性，取决于知识的文化传播，强调了在空间生态学和保护生物学方面的行为和社会学习的潜在关键作用。
Long-distance animal migrations are complex, population-level phenomena that emerge in seasonal landscapes as a result of the interplay between environmental influences (e.g., resources, predators) and social interactions among conspecifics. When landscapes change with respect to phenology or connectivity, the dynamics of migratory species can abruptly shift, in many cases leading to a cessation of migration and dramatic decreases in population size. We develop a difference equation modeling framework to explore how the social transfer of knowledge from informed "leader" individuals enhances the performance of seasonally migratory versus resident populations. The model permits a wide range of population-level behaviors including alternative stable states, partial migration equilibria, and complex dynamics, but we focus our efforts on investigations of migration collapse mediated by a lack of informed leaders that can arise from changes in landscape structure, survivorship, reproduction, and/or social learning. Migration collapse is a hysteretic phenomenon in this model and results either in extinction of the population or purely resident behavior. The hysteretic nature of migration failure, which hinges on cultural transmission of knowledge, highlights a potentially critical role for behavior and social learning in aspects of spatial ecology and conservation biology.