特集 動的環境への適応系としての歩行 ニホンザルの四足歩行と二足歩行に伴う姿勢制御
特集 動的環境への適応系としての歩行 ニホンザルの四足歩行と二足歩行に伴う姿勢制御
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特色：行走作为动态环境的自适应系统与日本猕猴四足和双足行走相关的姿势控制
DOI：
10.11477/mf.1416202188
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
日暮 泰男
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
中陦 克己;望月 圭;日暮 泰男
中枢神经系统如何处理直立姿势的不稳定性是双足步态控制的核心。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们最近的研究结果比较运动学和肌电图活动在四足和双足步态在日本猕猴。躯干/后肢肌肉显示步周期调制的活动，这是更积极的两足比四足步态。对于双足步态，增强活动在较长的双支撑阶段主要是在远端后肢肌肉。双侧背部肌肉的交替爆发活动周期性地使倾斜的躯干恢复。在猴子的四足步态中，后肢与对侧前肢形成功能配对，这与非灵长类四足动物不同。这些对角对对质心（COM）的运动有不同的作用。对于双足步态，后肢单独携带COM。我们的研究结果表明，与非灵长类四足动物相比，猕猴的后肢对体重支撑和平衡控制的贡献更大，即使是四足步态。此外，对于更不稳定的双足步态，猴子的CNS以类似于人类的方式加强了这种后肢作用并主动控制躯干姿势以保持动态平衡。对日本猕猴的研究将进一步加深我们对哺乳动物步态控制的神经基础的理解，这是一个连接非灵长类四足动物和人类的桥梁。
How the CNS deals with instability of upright posture is the core in the control of bipedal gait. In this review, we summarize our recent findings comparing kinematics and EMG activity during quadrupedal and bipedal gait in Japanese macaques. Trunk/hindlimb muscles showed step cycle-modulated activity, which was more active in bipedal than in quadrupedal gait. For bipedal gait, enhanced activity during longer double support phase was predominantly observed in distal hindlimb muscles. Alternate burst activity in bilateral back muscles cyclically brought back the tilted trunk. In monkeys' quadrupedal gait, hindlimbs formed functional pairs with contralateral forelimbs, unlike in non-primate quadrupeds. These diagonal pairs acted differently on movements of the center of mass (COM). For bipedal gait, the hindlimbs solely carried the COM. Our results suggest that, compared to non-primate quadrupeds, hindlimbs in macaques contribute more critically to weight support and balance control even for quadrupedal gait. Additionally, for more unstable bipedal gait, the monkeys' CNS reinforces such hindlimb roles and actively controls the trunk posture in maintaining dynamic balance, in a manner similar to humans. Studies on Japanese macaques will further our understanding of the neural basis for the control of gait in mammals by bridging non-primate quadrupeds and humans.