Vascular development and differentiation during human liver organogenesis
Vascular development and differentiation during human liver organogenesis
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DOI：
10.1002/ar.20679
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Scoazec, Jean-Yves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collardeau-Frachon, Sophie;Scoazec, Jean-Yves
人类肝脏的血管结构是在一个复杂的胚胎学历史的末期建立起来的。肝原基在第4周出现，并与胎儿循环的两个主要静脉系统接触：卵黄静脉和脐静脉。在第4周和第6周之间获得肝脏的输入静脉循环的胎儿结构。在这个过程结束时，门静脉由几个不同的卵黄静脉段形成;门静脉窦，来自肝下卵黄间吻合，连接脐静脉，脐静脉是胎儿肝脏的主要血管，连接门静脉系统;静脉导管连接门静脉窦和下腔静脉。出生时，脐静脉和静脉导管塌陷;门静脉成为肝脏唯一的输入静脉。肝脏的输出静脉血管来源于卵黄静脉，并在第4周和第6周之间形成。肝动脉在第8周形成;肝内动脉分支在第10周和第15周之间从肝脏的中央区域逐渐延伸到外周区域。肝血窦出现很早，4周肝索侵入横隔时即出现。然后，通过一个多阶段的过程，它们逐渐获得其独特的结构和功能特征。因此，肝脏器官发生过程中的血管发育和分化是一个独特的过程;许多涉及的细胞和分子机制仍然知之甚少。
Vascular architecture of the human liver is established at the end of a complex embryological history. The hepatic primordium emerges at the 4th week and is in contact with two major venous systems of the fetal circulation: the vitelline veins and the umbilical veins. The fetal architecture of the afferent venous circulation of the liver is acquired between the 4th and the 6th week. At the end of this process, the portal vein is formed from several distinct segments of the vitelline veins; the portal sinus, deriving from the subhepatic intervitelline anastomosis, connects the umbilical vein, which is the predominant vessel of the fetal liver, to the portal system; the ductus venosus connects the portal sinus to the vena cava inferior. At birth., the umbilical vein and the ductus venosus collapse; the portal vein becomes the only afferent vein of the liver. The efferent venous vessels of the liver derive from the vitelline veins and are formed between the 4th and the 6th week. The hepatic artery forms at the 8th week; intrahepatic arterial branches progressively extend from the central to the peripheral areas of the liver between the 10th and the 15th week. Hepatic sinusoids appear very early, as soon as hepatic cords invade the septum transversum at the 4th week. They then progressively acquire their distinctive structural and functional characters, through a multistage process. Vascular development and differentiation during liver organogenesis is, therefore, a unique process; many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood.