Species turnover promotes the importance of bee diversity for crop pollination at regional scales
Species turnover promotes the importance of bee diversity for crop pollination at regional scales
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aao2117
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发表时间：
2018-02
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
R. Winfree;J. Reilly;I. Bartomeus;Daniel P. Cariveau;N. Williams;J. Gibbs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Winfree;J. Reilly;I. Bartomeus;Daniel P. Cariveau;N. Williams;J. Gibbs
需要更多的传粉者许多研究表明，生物多样性对于生态系统功能是必要的。然而，其中大多数都是在相对较小的实验规模上进行的。Winfree等人在3000多平方公里的土地上寻找生物多样性和作物授粉之间的关系（见Kremen的观点）。成功授粉所需的野生蜜蜂物种数量随着空间规模的增加而迅速增加，这主要是由于不同地点的物种存在差异，以及最丰富的物种发挥作用的程度。最后，要使生态系统充分发挥作用，所需要的物种数量要比小规模实验所预测的多一个数量级。《科学》，本期第791页;另见第741页生态系统功能所需的生物多样性随着景观规模的增加而增加。生态学家已经通过数百个实验表明，物种越多的生态群落，其基本生态系统功能（如生物量生产、营养循环和授粉）的水平越高，但这一发现是否在自然界（即大规模和未经操纵的系统）中成立仍存在争议。这种知识差距令人不安，因为生态系统服务已被广泛采用，作为全球生物多样性保护的理由。在这里，我们表明，在自然系统中提供作物授粉，蜜蜂物种的数量必须增加至少一个数量级相比，在田间实验。这种增长是由物种更替及其与功能优势的相互作用驱动的，这些机制只在大规模上出现。我们的研究结果表明，维持自然界中的生态系统服务需要许多物种，包括相对罕见的物种。
Many, many more pollinators needed Numerous studies have shown that biodiversity is necessary for ecosystem function. The majority of these, however, have taken place at relatively small experimental scales. Winfree et al. looked across more than 3000 square kilometers for relationships between biodiversity and crop pollination (see the Perspective by Kremen). The number of wild bee species required for successful pollination rapidly increased with spatial scale, largely owing to variation in the species present across sites and the degree to which the most abundant species played a role. In the end, more than an order of magnitude more species than predicted by smaller-scale experiments were required for full ecosystem functioning. Science, this issue p. 791; see also p. 741 Biodiversity required for ecosystem function increases with landscape scale. Ecologists have shown through hundreds of experiments that ecological communities with more species produce higher levels of essential ecosystem functions such as biomass production, nutrient cycling, and pollination, but whether this finding holds in nature (that is, in large-scale and unmanipulated systems) is controversial. This knowledge gap is troubling because ecosystem services have been widely adopted as a justification for global biodiversity conservation. Here we show that, to provide crop pollination in natural systems, the number of bee species must increase by at least one order of magnitude compared with that in field experiments. This increase is driven by species turnover and its interaction with functional dominance, mechanisms that emerge only at large scales. Our results show that maintaining ecosystem services in nature requires many species, including relatively rare ones.