Probabilistic reasoning in schizophrenia: A comparison of the performance of deluded and nondeluded schizophrenic patients and exploration of possible cognitive underpinnings
Probabilistic reasoning in schizophrenia: A comparison of the performance of deluded and nondeluded schizophrenic patients and exploration of possible cognitive underpinnings
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精神分裂症的概率推理：被迷惑和非被迷惑的精神分裂症患者的表现比较，并探索可能的认知基础
DOI：
10.1080/13546800544000046
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
R. Mccarthy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Menon;E. Pomarol;P. McKenna;R. Mccarthy
介绍。许多研究表明，受欺骗的患者在概率推理任务中表现出“过早下结论”的推理风格。为了系统地探索这项任务的认知基础，我们通过一些实验操作对受迷惑和未受迷惑的患者进行了比较，以研究记忆和任务语用对表现的作用。这项研究作为第一作者博士论文的一部分收集。这些数据的一部分已于 2003 年 3 月在美国科罗拉多斯普林斯举行的精神分裂症大会上公布。第一作者得到了海外研究奖学金计划和剑桥联邦信托基金的学生奖学金的支持。不存在可能影响这些数据的收集或解释的利益冲突。作者要感谢 Mike Aitken 博士对统计分析的贡献，感谢 Todd Woodward 博士和 Steffen Moritz 博士对本文早期草稿提出的有用评论。方法。在研究 1 中，在一系列概率推理测试中，将受迷惑和非受迷惑的精神分裂症患者组的表现与非精神病对照组的表现进行了比较。在研究 2 中，比较了标准“罐子里的珠子”任务的两种变体，以探索工作记忆负载对任务表现的可能作用。结果。在研究 1 中，任何组之间在任何概率推理任务上都没有显着差异。在研究2中，我们发现两个精神分裂症患者组和对照组之间存在显着差异，但受迷惑和非受迷惑患者组之间的表现没有差异。受迷惑的一组在记忆密集的情况下反应最快。结论。受迷惑和非受迷惑的精神分裂症患者在概率推理任务中表现相似，仅在某些条件下表现出“草率下结论”的反应模式，但在其他条件下则不然。记忆需求可能会影响精神分裂症这种反应模式的出现。
Introduction. A number of studies have suggested that deluded patients show a “jumping to conclusions” reasoning style on probabilistic reasoning tasks. In order to systematically explore the cognitive underpinnings of this task, we compared deluded and nondeluded patients on a number of experimental manipulations to investigate the role of memory and task pragmatics on performance. This research was collected as part of the first author's doctoral dissertation. A portion of these data were presented at the Schizophrenia Congress, March 2003, Colorado Springs, USA. The first author was supported by studentships from the Overseas Research Scholarship Scheme and the Cambridge Commonwealth Trust. No conflicts of interest exist that could affect the collection or interpretation of these data. The authors would like to thank Dr Mike Aitken for his input on statistical analysis, and Dr Todd Woodward and Dr Steffen Moritz for useful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. Methods. In Study 1, the performance of deluded and nondeluded schizophrenia patient groups was compared to nonpsychiatric controls on a battery of probabilistic reasoning tests. In Study 2, two variants of the standard “beads in jars” task were compared in order to explore the possible role of working memory load on task performance. Results. In Study 1, there were no significant differences between any of the groups on any of the probabilistic reasoning tasks. In Study 2, we found a significant difference between the two schizophrenic groups and the controls, but no difference in performance between deluded and nondeluded patient groups. The deluded group responded fastest in the memory intensive condition. Conclusions. Deluded and nondeluded schizophrenic patients perform similarly on probabilistic reasoning tasks and only show the “jumping to conclusions” response pattern under some conditions but not under others. Memory demands may influence the appearance of this pattern of responding in schizophrenia.
影响因子：
--
作者：
N. Andreasen;M. Flaum;Stephan Arndt
通讯作者：
N. Andreasen;M. Flaum;Stephan Arndt