Autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid cell class II major histocompatibility complex antigens.
Autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid cell class II major histocompatibility complex antigens.
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自身免疫性甲状腺疾病和甲状腺细胞 II 类主要组织相容性复合体抗原。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2265.1987.tb00783.x
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Davies,TF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Piccinini,LA;Roman,SH;Davies,TF
对抗原刺激（包括甲状腺自身抗原）的免疫反应差异与一组统称为主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）的基因有关，在人类中称为人类白细胞抗原（HLA）复合体（Benacerraf, 1981）。这些基因编码一系列多态细胞表面分子；I、11和I11类抗原。通常，I类抗原在体内所有有核细胞上表达，并被细胞毒性和抑制性T细胞识别。然而，I1类抗原主要局限于免疫系统细胞的组成表达，并被T辅助细胞亚群识别。I11类抗原是补体途径的组成部分。自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的病因学理论经常将这种免疫反应称为“甲状腺成分”，但证据是间接的，通常以甲状腺细胞中存在的遗传性代谢异常的形式出现，而不是免疫定义的抗原（Wick等，1982）。然而，最近对甲状腺内淋巴细胞功能的研究表明，甲状腺抗原刺激在靶器官内具有强大的作用（Totterman et al., 1979; McLachlan et al., 1983; Londei et al., 1984）。在小鼠甲状腺细胞表面发现MHC I1类抗原（Salamero et al., 1981），后来在人甲状腺上皮中发现MHC I1类抗原（Hanafusa et al., 1983），这使得人们关注MHC I1类抗原在甲状腺自身免疫发展中的普遍促进作用。这篇综述包括对I1类抗原的基本介绍，并讨论了我们目前对它们在人类甲状腺自身免疫发展中的作用的理解。
Differences in the immune response to antigenic stimuli, including thyroid autoantigens, have been linked to a group of genes known collectively as the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), which in humans is referred to as the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex (Benacerraf, 1981). These genes encode a series of polymorphic cell surface molecules; the class I, 11 & I11 antigens. Classically, class I antigens are expressed on all nucleated cells in the body and are recognized by cytotoxic and suppressor T cells. Class I1 antigens, however, are primarily restricted in their constitutive expression to cells of the immune system and are recognized by the T helper cell subset. Class I11 antigens represent components of the complement pathway. Theories on the aetiology of autoimmune thyroid disease have often invoked a ‘thyroid component’to such immune responses, but the evidence has been indirect and usually in the form of inherited metabolic abnormalities present in the thyroid cell rather than an immunologically-defined antigen (Wick et al., 1982). However, recent studies on intrathyroidal lymphocyte function have demonstrated the potent role of thyroid antigenic stimulation within the target organ (Totterman et al., 1979; McLachlan et al., 1983; Londei et al., 1984). The finding of MHC class I1 antigens on the surface of the murine thyroid cell (Salamero et al., 1981), and later in human thyroid epithelium (Hanafusa et al., 1983), has focused attention on the generalized facilitation by MHC class I1 antigens in the development of thyroid autoimmunity. This review includes a basic introduction to the class I1 antigens and discusses our present understanding of their involvement in the development of human thyroid autoimmunity.