Eastern Magnificence and European Ingenuity: Clocks of Late Imperial China
Eastern Magnificence and European Ingenuity: Clocks of Late Imperial China
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东方的辉煌与欧洲的聪明才智：中华帝国晚期的钟表
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发表时间：
2001
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通讯作者：
C. Pagani
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作者：
C. Pagani
16世纪末到18世纪末，中国人经历了复杂的变化。欧洲急切地把目光投向东方，对开发中国市场感兴趣，不仅在商业和外交企业方面，而且在福音事业方面。由此产生的接触产生了重要的文化交流和挪用，以及误解和陈规定型观念。深受这些相互作用影响的是技术和装饰艺术领域。欧洲人开始迷恋中国风格，一种被称为中国风的时尚渗透到装饰艺术中。在中国，中欧接触的一个结果是引进了一种新的重要技术：西方机械钟。这些精心制作的钟在中国被称为“自鸣钟“，或“自鸣钟”，这些钟被用作身份象征、装饰品和个人装饰品，只是偶尔用作钟表。最重要的是，它们是文化力量的象征：欧洲人，无论是传教士还是大使，都控制着物品和技术的引进，他们利用这种控制来进入中国社会的最高层。通过她对技术和装饰艺术的关注，凯瑟琳帕加尼有助于全面了解欧洲在中华帝国晚期的影响的性质和程度，以及这两者之间的复杂互动cultures.本研究的跨学科方法将使艺术史、钟表史、科学技术史、耶稣会史、清朝史、亚洲研究等领域的研究人员以及受过教育的普通读者感兴趣。凯瑟琳帕加尼是亚拉巴马大学亚洲艺术史副教授。
The period from the late sixteenth to the late eighteenth centuries was one of complex change for the Chinese. Europe was eagerly looking to the East with an interest in developing a China market, not just in commercial and diplomatic enterprises but in evangelical ventures as well. The resulting contacts produced significant cultural exchanges and appropriations, as well as misconceptions and stereotypes. Profoundly affected by these interactions were the areas of technology and the decorative arts. Europe became enamored of Chinese style, and a fashion known as chinoiserie permeated the decorative arts. In China, one result of Sino-European contact was the introduction of a new and important technology: the Western mechanical clock.Called in Chinese "zimingzhong, " or "self-ringing bells," these elaborate clocks were used as status symbols, decorative items, and personal adornments, and only occasionally as timepieces. Most importantly, they were signifiers of cultural power: Europeans, whether missionaries or ambassadors, controlled the introduction of both object and technology, and they used this control to advantage in gaining access to the highest reaches of Chinese society.Through her focus on technology and the decorative arts, Catherine Pagani contributes to an overall understanding of the nature and extent of European influence in late Imperial China and of the complex interaction between these two cultures. This study's interdisciplinary approach will make it of interest to those in the fields of art history, the history of clockwork and of science and technology, Jesuit history, Qing-dynasty history, and Asian studies, as well as to the educated general reader.Catherine Pagani is Associate Professor, Asian Art History, University of Alabama.