Biodeterioration of carbographic ribbon: Isolation, identification of causal agents and forensic implications
Biodeterioration of carbographic ribbon: Isolation, identification of causal agents and forensic implications
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碳记录带的生物劣化：致病因子的分离、鉴定和法医意义
DOI：
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
E. Zanardini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Ranalli;A. Andreotti;M. Colombini;C. Corti;G. Lima;L. Rampazzi;G. Saviano;D. Vitullo;D. Palmieri;E. Zanardini
这项研究是一项全面调查的一部分，该调查是针对意大利武装部队内部安全部门发现并查获的一台打字机上使用的碳化带进行修改的案件进行的。磁带上有36个编码脚本，其中包含可能具有刑事责任的内容；然而，只有第6和第7个手稿表现出不确定性质的变化。该研究包括在无菌条件下对大面积的碳带进行采样。建立了基于物理化学、微生物学和生物分子工具的方案。初步结果显示，真菌污染主要分布在黑碳带上的第6和第7个文字的内表面。分离到1株真菌，经ITS‐PCR通用引物和rDNA测序鉴定为感染交替菌NIS4。在实验室中，在不同的环境条件（温度、开闭系统和底物）下监测真菌生长3周。感染单胞杆菌NIS4菌株在28°C、RH接近饱和的封闭系统下生长最佳。我们还注意到真菌在15°C时生长旺盛。此外，这种真菌（一种潜在的人类病原体）即使在使用矿物介质时也具有在新碳带表面定植的能力；然而，这只发生在一个封闭的系统环境中，而不是在开放的系统中，由于快速干燥。在我们的实验条件下，感染单胞菌NIS4菌株可以降解明胶作为一种微量的有机物，明胶通常被用作碳带乳剂的粘合剂。结果表明，分离的微生物是能够改变所研究的碳带的主要生物候选物；然而，这些改变只能在有利的环境条件下发生。
This study is part of a comprehensive investigation that was performed in regard to a case of alterations on a carbographic ribbon used in a typewriter that was found and seized by inner security operations of the Arma dei Carabinieri, Italy. Thirty‐six coded scripts possessing potentially and criminally liable content were present on the tape; however, only the 6th and 7th scripts exhibited alterations of an uncertain nature. The study included sampling that was performed under sterile conditions of a large surface area of carbographic ribbons. A protocol based on physico‐chemical, microbiological, and biomolecular tools was established. Preliminary results revealed the presence of fungal contamination that was primarily located on the inner surface of the 6th and 7th scripts on the black carbographic ribbon. One fungal strain was isolated and identified by universal ITS‐PCR primer and rDNA sequencing as Alternaria infectoria strain NIS4. Fungal growth was monitored for 3 weeks in the laboratory under different environmental conditions (temperature, open‐closed system, and substrate). The A. infectoria NIS4 strain exhibited the best growth at 28°C under a closed system with RH near saturation. We also noted that the fungal growth was abundant at 15°C. Moreover, this fungus (a potential human pathogen) possessed the ability to colonize the surface of the new carbographic ribbon even when using mineral medium; however, this only occurred in a closed system environment and not in open systems due to rapid desiccation. Under our experimental conditions, the A. infectoria NIS4 strain could degrade gelatin as an organic matter present in trace amounts that are often used as a binder in a carbographic ribbon emulsions. The results revealed that the isolated microorganism was the major biological candidate capable of altering the investigated carbographic ribbon; however, these alterations could only occur under favourable environmental conditions.
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Tamura, Koichiro;Peterson, Daniel;Kumar, Sudhir
通讯作者：
Kumar, Sudhir