Defer no more: advances in the treatment and prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in children.

Defer no more: advances in the treatment and prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in children.
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DOI:
10.1097/qco.0000000000000856
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发表时间:
2022-10-01
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
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Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens targeting hepatitis C virus (HCV) are now approved for young children. This review examines recent DAA experience in children, current treatment recommendations and challenges, and potential treatment-as-prevention strategies. In 2021 the US FDA extended approval of two pan-genotypic DAA regimens, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, to children ≥3 years old based on high success rates and reassuring safety profiles in registry trials. Similar performance has been replicated with real-world DAA use in thousands of adolescents and in limited reports of children with high-risk conditions including cirrhosis, cancer, thalassemia, and HIV-coinfection. Treatment without delay is now recommended in the US for viremic children age ≥3 years to prevent disease progression and future spread. To date, treatment expansion is limited by high rates of undiagnosed pediatric infection. Universal prenatal screening will aid identification of perinatally-exposed newborns, but new strategies are needed to boost testing of exposed infants and at-risk adolescents. Postpartum treatment programs can prevent subsequent vertical transmission but encounter frequent loss to follow-up. DAA use in pregnancy warrants continued study. Pediatric HCV is now readily curable. Substantial clinical and public health effort is required to ensure widespread uptake of this therapeutic breakthrough.
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