A rapid glacier surge on Mount Tobe Feng, western China, 2015
A rapid glacier surge on Mount Tobe Feng, western China, 2015
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DOI：
10.1017/jog.2016.42
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
M. Lv;Xiancai Lu;Huadong Guo;Guang Liu;Yixing Ding;Zhixing Ruan;Yuanzhen Ren;Shiyong Yan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Lv;Xiancai Lu;Huadong Guo;Guang Liu;Yixing Ding;Zhixing Ruan;Yuanzhen Ren;Shiyong Yan
位于中国西部Tobe Feng山的克拉耶湖冰川在2015年春天急剧上升，并伴有冰川雪崩。到2015年7月，受涌浪事件影响的冰川面积为8.9 km2，长度为12km。在新疆阿克图县，雪崩吞噬了1000公顷的牧场，61户牧民的房屋被毁，数百头牲畜失踪。没有造成人员伤亡。中国西部经常发生冰川涌流。然而，像凯拉耶湖冰川这样的大规模涌流是罕见的（Quincey等，2015）。由于大多数涌浪发生在农村地区，它们往往不被注意，直到它们成为一种危害，破坏当地财产。冰川涌流是一种短期事件，在此期间，冰川可以大幅移动，速度可达正常速度的数十倍或数百倍（Meier和Post, 1969; Clarke, 1987; Raymond, 1987； Harrison和Post， 2003）。涌浪与冰湖溃决洪水、泥石流等其他冰川灾害密切相关。全球变暖导致了许多山区冰川的退缩（IPCC, 2014）。与此同时，冰川的上游地区变得越来越湿润，这使得冰川更容易出现涌流。因此，在全球变暖的背景下，对冰川涌动的研究获得了新的关注（Kargel等人，2005；Dunse等人，2015）。托贝峰（海拔7530米）是昆仑山的一座山峰，位于西昆仑山脉（北纬38 37度；东经75 12度）内，是帕米尔高原东南部三座最高的山峰之一。克拉雅依湖冰川是Tobe Feng山北坡最大的冰川（图1），全长20.3 km，平衡线海拔4220 m （Guo等，2014；Liu等，2015）。克拉耶依湖冰川总面积103.17 km2，大部分冰川被雪线以下的碎片覆盖。冰川呈树状，由主干冰川和西支冰川组成。正是冰川的西支（图1中蓝色标记的中心线）发生了涌动，这也是本文的研究对象。
Kelayayilake Glacier, located on Mount Tobe Feng, western China, surged dramatically during the spring of 2015, accompanied by a glacier avalanche. By July 2015, a glacier area of 8.9 km2, length, 12 km had been influenced by the surge event. The surge and avalanche swallowed 1000 ha of grazing meadow and damaged 61 herdsmen’s houses with hundreds of livestock missing in Akto County, Xinjiang. It caused no human casualties. Glacier surges occur regularly in western China. However, a large-scale surge like that of Kelayayilake Glacier is rare (Quincey and others, 2015). Because most surges take place in rural areas, they often remain unnoticed until they become a hazard, damaging local property. Glacier surges are short-term events during which a glacier can advance substantially, reaching velocities up to tens or hundreds of times greater than normal (Meier and Post, 1969; Clarke, 1987; Raymond, 1987; Harrison and Post, 2003). Surges can be closely related to other glacial hazards, such as glacial lake outburst floods and debris flows. Global warming has contributed to the retreat of glaciers in many mountainous regions (IPCC, 2014). At the same time the upstream regions of glaciers are becoming wetter, which makes the glaciers more prone to surge. Thus research into glacier surges has gained new attention in the light of global warming (Kargel and others, 2005; Dunse and others, 2015).Mount Tobe Feng (7530 m asl), a peak of Kongur, within the West Kunlun Mountains (38 37′ N; 75 12′ E), is one of the three highest mountains in the southeastern part of the Pamir Plateau. Kelayayilake Glacier is the largest glacier on the northern slope of Mount Tobe Feng (Fig. 1), with a total length of 20.3 km and an equilibrium-line altitude of 4220 m asl (Guo and others, 2014; Liu and others, 2015). With a total area of 103.17 km2, most of Kelayayilake Glacier is covered by debris below the snow line. The glacier has a tree-like shape, consisting of the trunk glacier and west branch glacier. It is the west branch of the glacier (center line marked in blue in Fig. 1) that has surged, and is the subject of this paper.