Emergent morphogenesis: Elastic mechanics of a self-deforming tissue
Emergent morphogenesis: Elastic mechanics of a self-deforming tissue
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.09.010
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发表时间：
2010-01-05
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Zhou, Jian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davidson, Lance A.;Joshi, Sagar D.;Zhou, Jian
多细胞生物是由形态发生过程中协调的细胞运动产生的。趋同伸展是脊椎动物胚胎形成中胚层、外胚层和内胚层的关键组织运动。研究趋同扩展和形态发生的研究人员的目标包括了解控制细胞身份的分子途径，建立细胞类型领域和调节细胞行为。细胞的身份。组织的大小和边界以及这些细胞所表现出的行为塑造了发育中的胚胎；然而，在理解控制单细胞过程的分子途径与理解细胞如何协同工作以组装多细胞结构之间存在根本差距。胚胎组织的理论和实验生物力学正越来越多地被用来弥补这一差距。绘制分子通路和形态发生背后的机械过程对于理解以下问题至关重要：(1)出生缺陷的来源，(2)肿瘤的形成和发展，以及(3)组织工程的基本原理。本文首先综述了脊椎动物轴向组织收敛伸展的过程，然后从力学角度综述了用于研究自组织运动的模型。最后，我们提出了一个相对简单的“楔形模型”，该模型展示了收敛扩展的关键紧急特性，如组织刚度、细胞嵌入力和组织延伸力之间的耦合。2009爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Multicellular organisms are generated by coordinated cell movements during morphogenesis. Convergent extension is a key tissue movement that organizes mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm in vertebrate embryos. The goals of researchers studying convergent extension, and morphogenesis in general, include understanding the molecular pathways that control cell identity, establish fields of cell types, and regulate cell behaviors. Cell identity. the size and boundaries of tissues, and the behaviors exhibited by those cells shape the developing embryo; however, there is a fundamental gap between understanding the molecular pathways that control processes within single cells and understanding how cells work together to assemble multicellular structures. Theoretical and experimental biomechanics of embryonic tissues are increasingly being used to bridge that gap. The efforts to map molecular pathways and the mechanical processes underlying morphogenesis are crucial to understanding: (1) the source of birth defects, (2) the formation of tumors and progression of cancer, and (3) basic principles of tissue engineering. In this paper, we first review the process of tissue convergent extension of the vertebrate axis and then review models used to study the self-organizing movements from a mechanical perspective. We conclude by presenting a relatively simple "wedge-model" that exhibits key emergent properties of convergent extension such as the coupling between tissue stiffness, cell intercalation forces, and tissue elongation forces. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.