Propagule dispersal in marine and terrestrial environments: A community perspective
Propagule dispersal in marine and terrestrial environments: A community perspective
复制标题
DOI：
10.1890/01-0622
复制
发表时间：
2003-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Gaines, SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kinlan, BP;Gaines, SD
在陆地系统中的研究表明，长距离的繁殖体扩散。重要的景观格局和动态，但在很大程度上无关紧要的地方人口。相比之下，在海洋系统中，在区域尺度上的扩散可能会驱动当地的动态，因为许多物种可能有很大的平均扩散距离。为了评估海洋扩散尺度的变化，我们估计平均扩散距离遗传隔离距离斜坡。估计范围很广，从几米到数百公里。不同分类群（大型藻类、无脊椎动物和鱼类）和不同功能群（例如，生产者和食草动物）。扩散规模的差异对海洋群落动态、保护区设计、对大规模扰动的反应以及相互作用的物种的进化具有重要意义。为了将海洋扩散的遗传估计置于背景中，我们将其与海洋中的其他扩散措施和陆地上的扩散估计进行了比较。定居的海洋物种的最大规模的扩散超过陆地植物扩散的最大估计至少一到两个数量级。陆地植物扩散的直接和遗传估计与海洋植物扩散的估计相当。然而，海洋大型藻类的范围扩张速度远远超过了陆地植物的传播速度。陆地植物传播率更类似于那些短期分散的海洋生物，缺乏二次扩散漂流成人。遗传估计的分散不同的功能组表明，食草动物通常分散远比他们的植物资源在陆地和海洋中，虽然时间，频率和后果的分散可能会有所不同，在这两个系统。陆生食草动物比海洋生物具有更灵活的扩散行为，海洋生物通过幼虫的浮游运输来分散每一代，我们的研究结果验证了一些长期存在的观点，即海洋物种具有更大的扩散潜力，但也突出了海洋物种之间扩散规模的极端异质性。因此，要从社区角度看待海洋连通性问题，就需要考虑多种扩散机制和规模。
Studies in terrestrial systems suggest that long-distance propagule dispersal is. important for landscape pattern and dynamics, but largely inconsequential for local demography. By contrast, in marine systems, dispersal at regional scales may drive local dynamics, because many species may have large mean dispersal distances. To assess variation in marine dispersal scales, we estimated mean dispersal distances from genetic isolation-by-distance slopes. Estimates ranged widely, from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers. Dispersal differed among taxonomic groups (macroalgae, invertebrates, and fish) and among species in different functional groups (e.g., producers and herbivores). Differences in dispersal scale have important implications for marine community dynamics, reserve design, responses to large-scale perturbations, and evolution of interacting species.To place genetic estimates of marine dispersal in context, we compared them to other measures of dispersal in the ocean and to estimates of dispersal on land. Maximum scales of dispersal by sedentary marine species exceeded maximum estimates of terrestrial plant dispersal by at least one to two orders of magnitude. Direct and genetic estimates of terrestrial plant dispersal were comparable to estimates of marine plant dispersal. Rates of marine macroalgal range expansion, however, far exceeded spread rates of terrestrial plants. Terrestrial plant spread rates were more similar to those of short-dispersing marine organisms that lack secondary dispersal by drifting adults. Genetic estimates of dispersal by different functional groups suggest that herbivores typically disperse much farther than their plant resources both on land and in the sea, although the timing, frequency, and consequences of dispersal may differ in the two systems. Terrestrial herbivores have more flexible dispersal behavior than marine organisms that disperse each generation by planktonic transport of larvae.Our results validate some long-standing views about the greater dispersal potential of species in the ocean, but also highlight the extreme heterogeneity in dispersal scale among marine species. As a result, development of a community perspective on marine connectivity will require consideration of multiple dispersal mechanisms and scales.