Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?
Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?
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DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.75.1.219
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发表时间：
1998-07-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Baumeister, RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bushman, BJ;Baumeister, RF
人们普遍认为自尊低下会导致暴力，但缺乏实验室证据，而且一些相反的观察结果表明，攻击者往往具有良好的自我认知。在两项研究中，研究者对单纯的自尊和自恋都进行了测量，然后给每个参与者一个机会，让他们对侮辱自己或赞扬自己的人，或者对一个无辜的第三者进行攻击。结果证明自尊与攻击性无关。自恋和受到侮辱这两种因素相结合，会导致对侮辱源的攻击性极高。两种形式的自我关注都没有影响到转移性攻击，转移性攻击总体上较低。这些研究结果与大众所认为的自尊低下导致攻击性的观点相矛盾，反而表明自我受到威胁是一个重要原因。
It has been widely asserted that low self-esteem causes violence, but laboratory evidence is lacking, and some contrary observations have characterized aggressors as having favorable self-opinions. In 2 studies, both simple self-esteem and narcissism were measured, and then individual participants were given an opportunity to aggress against someone who had insulted them or praised them or against an innocent third person. Self-esteem proved irrelevant to aggression. The combination of narcissism and insult led to exceptionally high levels of aggression toward the source of the insult. Neither form of self-regard affected displaced aggression. which was low in general. These findings contradict the popular view that low self-esteem causes aggression and point instead toward threatened egotism as an important cause.