The Mammals of Mt. Kitanglad Nature Park, Mindanao, Philippines
The Mammals of Mt. Kitanglad Nature Park, Mindanao, Philippines
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菲律宾棉兰老岛基唐格拉德山自然公园的哺乳动物
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. R. Ingle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Heaney;B. Tabaranza;E. Rickart;D. Balete;N. R. Ingle
1992年至1999年，我们在棉兰老岛中北部布基农省Kitanglad山脉的Kitanglad山自然公园内及其附近进行了实地调查，并对先前存在的标本进行了检查，记录了58种当地哺乳动物，53种本地哺乳动物和5种非本地哺乳动物。其中包括一种动物（狐猴科）、两种鼩鼱（鼩鼱科）、一种树鼩（鼩鼱科）、一种狐猴（鼩鼱科）、14种果蝠（狐蝠科）、8种圆叶和马蹄蝠（鼻蝠科）、9种夜蝠（狐蝠科）、一种蝠蝠（狐蝠科）、两种灵长类动物（跗猴科和尾猴科）、三只松鼠（狐猴科）、14只小鼠和大鼠（狐猴科）、两只果子狸（狐猴科）、一只猪（狐猴科）和一只鹿（狐猴科）。Kitanglad山自然公园拥有菲律宾最多样化的哺乳动物群之一，超过了更广为人知的Apo山。三种，蝙蝠（Alionycteris paucidentata）和两种本地小鼠（Crunomys suncoides和Limnomys bryophilus），目前只在Kitanglad山脉的高海拔地区已知。蝙蝠的物种丰富度随海拔的升高而降低，而小型哺乳动物的物种丰富度在海拔约2250 m时增加了5倍，然后随着海拔的升高而下降。在海拔1200米以下的低地雨林、海拔1200米至1900米的山地雨林和海拔2000米至海拔2950米的苔藓雨林中，我们发现了独特的哺乳动物群落。我们的结论是，所有海拔高度的三种雨林类型对公园作为生物保护区的成功至关重要。对大型哺乳动物的过度捕猎和非法伐木都构成了严重的问题。棉兰老岛的大部分低地雨林已经被砍伐，包括公园附近，因此是目前最受威胁的栖息地类型。栖息地的破坏，特别是低地雨林的破坏，威胁着Kitanglad山脉的哺乳动物，也威胁着棉兰老岛北部人口的经济和社会稳定。
Abstract Field surveys within and adjacent to the Mt. Kitanglad Nature Park in the Kitanglad Range of Bukidnon Province, north-central Mindanao, from 1992 to 1999, along with examination of previously existing specimens, have allowed us to document the local presence of 58 species of mammals, 53 native and five non-native. These include one gymnure (Erinaceidae), two shrews (Soricidae), one tree shrew (Tupaiidae), one flying lemur (Cynocephalidae), 14 fruit bats (Pteropodidae), eight roundleaf and horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae), nine evening bats (Vespertilionidae), one mastiff bat (Molossidae), two primates (Tarsiidae and Cercopithecidae), three squirrels (Sciuridae), 14 mice and rats (Muridae), two civets (Viverridae), one pig (Suidae), and one deer (Cervidae). Mt. Kitanglad Nature Park has one of the most diverse mammal faunas in the Philippines, exceeding that of the more widely known Mt. Apo. Three species, a bat (Alionycteris paucidentata) and two native mice (Crunomys suncoides and Limnomys bryophilus), are currently known only from high elevations in the Kitanglad Range. Species richness of bats declined with increasing elevation, but richness of non-volant small mammals increased five-fold from lowlands to a peak at ca. 2250 m, and then declined with further increases in elevation. We found distinctive mammal communities in lowland rainforest (up to about 1200 m elevation), montane rainforest (ca. 1200 m to 1900 m), and mossy rainforest (2000 m to the peak at 2950 m). We conclude that all three rainforest types, at all elevations, are important to the success of the park as a biological reserve. Over-hunting of large mammals and illegal logging both pose serious problems. Lowland rainforest has been removed on much of Mindanao, including the vicinity of the park, and thus is the habitat type that is currently most threatened. Habitat destruction, especially of lowland rainforest, threatens the mammals in the Kitanglad Range as well as the economic and social stability of the human population of northern Mindanao.