The dynamics and mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil against bacteria and fungi
The dynamics and mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil against bacteria and fungi
复制标题
茶树油对细菌和真菌抗菌活性的动态和机制
DOI：
10.1007/s00253-016-7692-4
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Huang, Xiao-Mo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Wen-Ru;Li, Hai-Ling;Huang, Xiao-Mo
茶树油是从互叶白千层中提取的黄色液体。虽然TTO的抗微生物活性已经知道了很长一段时间，但其特定的抗微生物作用和机制仍然很难表征。本研究探讨了TTO的化学组成及其在两种细菌和两种真菌菌株中的抗菌活性的动力学和机制。气相色谱-质谱分析确定烯烃和醇类为TTO的主要成分。松油烯-4-醇是最丰富的单个组分，约占TTO的23%。中毒食品技术评价结果表明，TTO对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为1.08 mg/mL，对白色念珠菌和尼日尔曲霉的最低抑菌浓度为2.17 mg/mL。抑菌动力学曲线显示，随着TTO浓度的增加，细胞的杀伤率和生长停滞期的持续时间相应增加。这些数据表明，TTO产生浓度和时间依赖性的抗菌效果。TTO对E的最低杀菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度分别为2.17、4.34和4.34。coli、S. aureus和C.白色念珠菌。然而，A.即使在存在17.34 mg/mL TTO的情况下3天后，尼日利亚分生孢子也没有完全根除。透射电子显微镜图像表明，TTO穿透所有测试的细菌和真菌菌株的细胞壁和细胞质膜。TTO也可以穿透真菌细胞器膜。这些结果表明，TTO可能通过破坏细胞膜，导致细胞质损失和细胞器损伤，最终导致细胞死亡来发挥其抗菌作用。
Tea tree oil (TTO) is a yellow liquid extracted fromMelaleuca alternifolia. Although the antimicrobial activity of TTO has been known for a long time, its specific antimicrobial effects and mechanism underlying these remain poorly characterized. The present study investigated the chemical composition of TTO and the dynamics and mechanism of its antimicrobial activities in two bacterial and two fungal strains. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified alkenes and alcohols as the main constituents of TTO. Terpinen-4-ol was the most abundant individual component, accounting for approximately 23 % of the TTO. Poisoned food technique assessment showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of TTO for bacterial strains (Escherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Candida albicansandAspergillus niger) were 1.08 and 2.17 mg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial dynamic curves showed that with increasing concentrations of TTO, the rate of cell killing and the duration of growth lag phase increased correspondingly. These data indicated that TTO produced concentration and time-dependent antimicrobial effects. The minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations of TTO were 2.17, 4.34, and 4.34 againstE. coli,S. aureus, andC. albicans, respectively. However,A. nigerconidia were not completely eradicated, even after 3 days in the presence of 17.34 mg/mL TTO. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that TTO penetrated the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane of all the tested bacterial and fungal strains. TTO may also penetrate fungal organelle membrane. These findings indicated that TTO maybe exerts its antimicrobial effects by compromising the cell membrane, resulting in loss of the cytoplasm and organelle damage, which ultimate leads to cell death.