Addressing absence
Addressing absence
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DOI：
10.1257/089533006776526139
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Duflo, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banerjee, A;Duflo, E
在许多发展中国家，缺乏提供者是公共卫生设施和小学的一个主要问题。例如，在印度，教师的缺勤率超过24%，医疗服务提供者的缺勤率超过40%。本文提出了一些创新的战略，以减少政府和非政府组织开办的学校和卫生设施的缺勤的证据。这些战略在过去几年中在肯尼亚和印度实施，并采用随机评价方法进行了评价。这些策略包括替代杠杆来对抗缺席。一些国家试图通过外部监督机构实施奖惩措施，或通过促进期望从服务中受益的人更积极地参与，来改善对服务提供者的激励。另一些战略则基于这样的想法，即潜在受益人对提供给他们的服务缺乏兴趣，使服务提供者感到气馁;这些战略的目的是增加对服务的需求，以此对服务提供者施加更大压力。这些努力的结果加在一起，不仅说明了如何解决公共部门的缺勤问题，而且说明了造成这一现象的根本原因。
Absent providers are a major problem both for public health facilities and primary schools in many developing countries. For example, in India, absence rates for teachers are over 24 percent, and for health providers they are over 40 percent. This paper presents evidence on a number of innovative strategies to reduce absenteeism in government- and nongovernmental organization-run schools and health facilities. These strategies were implemented in Kenya and India over the past few years and have been evaluated using the randomized evaluation methodology. The strategies involved alternative levers to fight absence. Some tried to improve incentives for providers, either through rewards and punishments implemented by external monitors, or through facilitating a more active involvement of those who expect to benefit from the service. Others are based on the idea that the providers are discouraged by the lack of interest among the potential beneficiaries in what they are being offered; these strategies aim at increasing the demand for the services as a way of putting more pressure on the providers. The results of these efforts, taken together, shed light not only on ways to address the problem of absence in the public sector, but also on the underlying reasons for this phenomenon.