Quantification of Carbon Savings from Improved Biomass Cookstove Projects
Quantification of Carbon Savings from Improved Biomass Cookstove Projects
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DOI：
10.1021/es801564u
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Masera, Omar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Michael;Edwards, Rufus;Masera, Omar
In spite of growing interest, a principal obstacle to wider inclusion of improved cookstove projects in carbon trading schemes has been the lack of accountability in estimating CO2-equivalent (CO2-e) savings. To demonstrate that robust estimates of CO2-e savings can be obtained at reasonable cost, an integrated approach of community-based subsampling of traditional and improved stoves in homes to estimate fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, combined with spatially explicit community-based estimates of the fraction of nonrenewable biomass harvesting (fNRB), was used to estimate CO2-e savings for 603 homes with improved Patsari stoves in Purepecha communities of Michoacan, Mexico. Mean annual household CO2-e savings for CO2, CH4, CO, and nonmethane hydrocarbons were 3.9 tCO(2)-e home(-1) yr(-1) (95% CI +/- 22%), and for Kyoto gases (CO2 and CH4) were 3.1 tCO(2)-e home(-1) yr(-1) (95% CI +/- 26%), respectively, using a weighted mean fNRB harvesting of 39%. CO2-e savings ranged from 1.6 (95% CI +/- 49%) to 7.5 (95% CI +/- 17%) tCO(2)-e home(-1) yr(-1) for renewable and nonrenewable harvesting in individual communities, respectively. Since emission factors,fuel consumption, and fNRB each contribute significantly to the overall uncertainty in estimates of CO2-e savings, community-based assessment of all of these parameters is critical for robust estimates. Reporting overall uncertainty in the CO2-e savings estimates provides a mechanism for valuation of carbon offsets, which would promote better accounting that CO2-e savings had actually been achieved. Cost Of CO2-e savings as a result of adoption of Patsari stoves was US$8 per tCO(2)-e based on initial stove costs, monitoring costs, and conservative stove adoption rates, which is similar to 4 times less expensive than use of carbon capture and storage from coal plants, and similar to 18 times less than solar power. The low relative cost Of CO2-e abatement of improved stoves combined with substantial health cobenefits through reduction in indoor air pollution provides a strong rationale for targeting these less expensive carbon mitigation options,while providing substantial economic assistance for stove dissemination efforts.
