Testing potential mechanisms underlying test-potentiated new learning.
Testing potential mechanisms underlying test-potentiated new learning.
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测试测试增强的新学习背后的潜在机制。
DOI：
10.1037/xlm0001021
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yang C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang C
一个新兴的研究机构表明，练习检索学习过的信息，通过与重新学习或没有处理，可以促进后续的学习和检索新的信息，一种现象称为前向测试效应（FTE）或测试增强新的学习。已经提出了几种理论解释来解释FTE。从PI释放理论提出，内插测试诱导上下文的变化，并加强事件隔离，这反过来又保护新的学习从积极的干扰（PI）。策略改变观点认为，先前的测试教学习者在随后的学习和测试阶段采用更有效/精细的学习和检索策略。最后，重置编码帐户提出，临时测试研究信息减少记忆负荷，重置随后的编码过程，并提高新信息的编码。目前的研究招募了一个大样本（超过1,000名参与者），并采用多列学习任务和中介分析来测试这些理论。结果表明，事先列表入侵（PI的指数）显着介导的FTE，支持从PI释放理论。此外，临时测试增强了新的学习过程中的时间信息的战略处理（反映在增加集群），和时间聚类显着介导的FTE，支持在FTE的战略变化的作用。最后，构建了各种指数来表示重置编码的好处，但没有一个提供支持重置编码观点的证据。结果揭示了测试的远期效益背后的复杂机制。
An emerging body of studies demonstrates that practicing retrieval of studied information, by comparison with restudying or no treatment, can facilitate subsequent learning and retrieval of new information, a phenomenon termed the forward testing effect (FTE) or test-potentiated new learning. Several theoretical explanations have been proposed to account for the FTE. A release-from-PI theory proposes that interpolated testing induces context changes and enhances event segregation, which in turn protect new learning from proactive interference (PI). A strategy-change view hypothesizes that prior tests teach learners to adopt more effective/elaborative learning and retrieval strategies in subsequent study and test phases. Finally, a reset-of-encoding account proposes that interim testing on studied information reduces memory load, resets the subsequent encoding process, and enhances encoding of new information. The current study recruited a large sample (over 1,000 participants) and employed a multilist learning task and mediation analyses to test these theories. The results suggest that prior list intrusions (an index of PI) significantly mediated the FTE, supporting the release-from-PI theory. In addition, interim testing enhanced strategic processing of temporal information during new learning (reflected by increased clustering), and temporal clustering significantly mediated the FTE, supporting a role for strategy-change in the FTE. Lastly, a variety of indices were constructed to represent the benefit of reset-of-encoding, but none of them provided evidence supporting the reset-of-encoding view. The results shed new light on the complex mechanisms underlying the forward benefits of testing.