Market Failure in the Diffusion of Clinician-Developed Innovations: The Case of Off-Label Drug Discoveries
Market Failure in the Diffusion of Clinician-Developed Innovations: The Case of Off-Label Drug Discoveries
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临床医生开发的创新扩散中的市场失灵：标签外药物发现的案例
DOI：
10.1093/scipol/scw042
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. D. Jong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Hippel;H. Demonaco;J. D. Jong
医生在临床实践中偶尔会发现潜在的有价值的药物标签外新用途。他们应用这些技术来帮助自己的病人，但往往没有什么动力投资于进一步推广这些技术。因此，从发现者的角度来看，其他临床医生可能获得的好处在某种程度上是一种外部性。这代表了一种市场失灵的形式：在传播方面投入的努力可以降低许多人的采用成本，但很少有创新者会投入这种努力，社会福利将相应减少。在这项研究中，我们探索的经验证据的市场失灵刚才所描述的，并找到它的证据，在美国临床医生的样本，扩散的努力增加了一般有价值的发现的扩散，但创新的临床医生通常投资很少，以支持扩散。最后，我们讨论如何解决这种市场失灵。
Medical doctors occasionally discover potentially valuable new off-label uses for drugs during their clinical practice. They apply these to help their own patients, but often have minimal incentives to invest in diffusing them further. Thus, the benefits that other clinicians might obtain are to some extent an externality from the perspective of the discoverer. This represents a form of market failure: effort invested in diffusion could lower adoption costs for many, but few innovators will invest that effort and social welfare will be accordingly reduced. In this study we explore for empirical evidence for the market failure just described, and do find evidence for it. In a sample of US clinicians, diffusion efforts increase the diffusion of generally valuable discoveries, but innovating clinicians typically invest little to support diffusion. We conclude with a discussion of how such a market failure could be addressed.