Attention Control: A Cornerstone of Higher-Order Cognition
Attention Control: A Cornerstone of Higher-Order Cognition
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721420969371
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发表时间：
2020-11-23
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Engle, Randall W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burgoyne, Alexander P.;Engle, Randall W.
多年来，心理学家一直在想，为什么在一个认知领域非常熟练的人往往也会在其他认知领域也很熟练。在这篇文章中，我们解释了注意力控制如何在广泛的认知能力中提供了一条共同的线索，包括流体智力、工作记忆容量和感觉辨别能力。注意力控制使我们能够不顾干扰和诱惑去追求我们的目标，偏离习惯，在纷繁的思维漩涡中记住信息。我们重点介绍了我们实验室的结果，描述了注意力控制在信息维护和脱离中的作用，以及这些功能如何有助于在各种复杂认知任务中的表现。我们还描述了最近的一项研究，其中我们开发了新的和改进的注意控制任务，与传统测量方法相比，它具有更高的可靠性、更强的相关性和更高的共同因素负荷。从应用的角度来看，这些新的注意力控制任务在人员甄选评估中显示出巨大的前景。最后，我们为未来的研究勾勒出令人兴奋的途径。
For years, psychologists have wondered why people who are highly skilled in one cognitive domain tend to be skilled in other cognitive domains, too. In this article, we explain how attention control provides a common thread among broad cognitive abilities, including fluid intelligence, working memory capacity, and sensory discrimination. Attention control allows us to pursue our goals despite distractions and temptations, to deviate from the habitual, and to keep information in mind amid a maelstrom of divergent thought. Highlighting results from our lab, we describe the role of attention control in information maintenance and disengagement and how these functions contribute to performance in a variety of complex cognitive tasks. We also describe a recent undertaking in which we developed new and improved attention-control tasks, which had higher reliabilities, stronger intercorrelations, and higher loadings on a common factor than traditional measures. From an applied perspective, these new attention-control tasks show great promise for use in personnel selection assessments. We close by outlining exciting avenues for future research.