Life History of Migrants, Life Story of a Community
Life History of Migrants, Life Story of a Community
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移民的生活史，社区的生活故事
DOI：
10.4200/jjhg1948.56.393
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Norihiro Tanigawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Norihiro Tanigawa
本文以大住诸岛移民为对象，运用生活史方法，通过访谈调查，分析了移民的过程及其对社区的影响。1993年被列为世界自然遗产后，游客人数不断增加的屋久岛、近年来作为冲浪圣地而受到全国关注的种子岛、1999年被列为世界自然遗产的屋久岛、1999年被还有三岛村该国人口显著减少，并在三个孤立的小岛上为扭转这一趋势作出了巨大努力（竹岛/岩岛/黑岛）。岛屿彼此靠近，但差异很大，所以我专注于每个岛屿的移民之间的差异。虽然每个移民都有自己的历史，但我还是找到了一些共同的特点。(1)有很多人选择这些偏远的岛屿作为退休后居住的地方。例如，在屋久岛，退休移民被吸引到岛上，因为他们渴望大自然，也因为真实的房地产经纪人的住宅开发。然而，退休的一代需要医疗保健和其他设施，这一问题影响了移徙模式。此外，在人们如何进入当地社区方面，当地的接待方式也有很大差异。(2)种子岛从北到南狭长，由于人们可以在很短的时间内到一个海滩，风从东方或西方吹来，因此是适合冲浪的环境。“冲浪移民”，谁来生活作为冲浪生活的一部分，分散在整个岛屿，和迁移过程是各种各样的。由于当地居民对冲浪者有负面印象，冲浪者试图克服这种负面形象，为社区做出贡献。当地有一个非营利组织，将移民冲浪者与当地冲浪者联系起来，并帮助加强与当地居民的关系。(3)屋久岛被登记为世界自然遗产后，游客人数增加。在生态导游业务的经理中，超过三分之二的人是移民。此外，大多数员工都是移民。他们确实很容易移徙，因为他们可以找到工作，而且很明显，如果没有就业机会，移徙的可能性就很低。(4)我发现，每一次移民往往会引发家庭中的连锁移民。然而，就岛屿移民而言，可以说移民自由度很高。本文只是一个开始，因为它是基于有限的样本。然而，透过生活故事访谈的方法，可以分析移民的过程及对该地区的影响。与基于一般统计数据和问卷调查的分析相比，生活故事访谈可以更深入地了解移徙的动机和过程。在试图从微观角度分析移徙问题时，侧重于移徙对一个小的地方社区的影响的生活故事访谈提供了一个更广泛的移徙社会现象的视角。但是，在分析这些数据时，研究人员需要注意隐私问题。
This paper analyzes the processes and effects of migration in a community based on an interview survey using a life-history methodology of persons who migrated to the Osumi-shoto Islands. The Osumi-shoto Islands were selected as a study area and include: Yakushima, which has seen a rise in the number of tourists after it was registered as a World Natural Heritage Site in 1993; Tanegashima, which has received nationwide attention as mecca for surfing in recent years; and Mishima-mura, which has seen a remarkable decrease in population and substantial efforts to reverse that trend in three small isolated islands (Take-shima/Iwo-jima/Kuro-shima).The islands are near each other, but differ greatly, so I focus on the differences among migrants to each island. Though each migrant has his or her own history to tell, I was able to find some common characteristics.(1) There are many people selecting these remote islands as a place to live after retirement. For example, in Yakushima, retirement migrants are attracted to the island because they are longing for nature and because of residential development by real estate agents. However, the retirement generation requires medical care and other facilities, and this problem has influenced migration patterns. In addition, local reception differs greatly in terms of how people enter the local community.(2) Tanegashima is long and narrow from north to south, and it is a suitable environment for surfing because people can go to a beach in a short time and the wind blows from the east or west. "Surfer migrants", who came to live as a part of a life of surfing, are scattered throughout the island, and the migration processes are various. Because the local inhabitants have a negative image of the surfers, the latter have tried to overcome this negative image and to contribute to the community. There is a local non-profit organization which connects migrant surfers with local surfers and which helps strengthen relations with the local inhabitants.(3) The number of tourists increased after Yakushima Island was registered as a World Natural Heritage Site. Among the managers of eco-tour guide businesses, more than two-thirds are migrants. In addition, most of the employees are migrants. They do migrate easily because they can find work and it becomes clear that there is a low possibility of migration if there is no employment.(4) I found that each migration often triggers a chain movement of migration in families. How-ever, in the case of island migrants, it may be said that the freedom of migration is high. This paper is only a beginning since it is based on a limited sample. However, the method of analyzing migration though life-story interviews can elucidate the migration process and influence on the area. Life-story interviews provide a deeper insight into the motivations for and processes of migration than is possible through an analysis based on general statistics and questionnaire surveys. In attempting to analyze migration from a micro-viewpoint, life-story interviews that focus on the effects of migration on a small local community provide a broader view of migration as a social phenomenon. However, in analyzing such data, researchers need to pay attention to the problem of privacy.