Microbial Dynamics Following the Macondo Oil Well Blowout across Gulf of Mexico Environments
Microbial Dynamics Following the Macondo Oil Well Blowout across Gulf of Mexico Environments
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DOI：
10.1093/biosci/biu121
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Kostka, Joel E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joye, Samantha B.;Teske, Andreas P.;Kostka, Joel E.
马孔多井喷向墨西哥湾 1500 米深处释放了约 500 万桶石油和多达 50 万吨天然气。毫无疑问，马孔多井喷释放的气体仍然留在深水中。至少 30% 的石油残留在深水羽流中，而其余的则到达表面，有时形成厚而广阔的表面浮油。碳氢化合物注入导致海湾水域和沉积物以及近岸底栖栖息地的微生物群落组成和活动发生深刻变化。我们对井喷对墨西哥湾生态系统微生物群落组成和微生物活动的影响进行了全面的文献综述。尽管井喷后的微生物研究带来了许多值得注意的发现，但它也揭示了迫切需要对调节环境中微生物碳氢化合物降解的环境因素进行更全面的了解。
The Macondo blowout released roughly 5 million barrels of oil and up to 500,000 tons of natural gas into Gulf of Mexico at a depth of 1500 meters. Inarguably, the gas released from the Macondo blowout remained in the deep water. At least 30% of the oil remained in the deep water plume, whereas the remainder reached the surface, forming sometimes thick and expansive surface slicks. The hydrocarbon injection led to profound changes in microbial community composition and activity in the Gulf's waters and sediments and in nearshore benthic habitats. We provide a comprehensive literature review of the blowout's impacts on microbial community composition and on microbial activity across Gulf of Mexico ecosystems. Although microbiological research in the wake of the blowout led to many noteworthy discoveries, it also revealed an urgent need to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental factors that regulate microbial hydrocarbon degradation in the environment.