Hypothermia causes platelet activation in the human spleen
Hypothermia causes platelet activation in the human spleen
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DOI：
10.1016/j.thromres.2021.06.023
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发表时间：
2021-07-08
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Yajima, Daisuke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Horioka, Kie;Tanaka, Hiroki;Yajima, Daisuke
背景：意外低温会导致人体多种功能障碍。此外，凝血障碍可能会危及生命。我们之前在低温小鼠模型中证实，储存在脾脏中的血小板被激活，从而引发凝血障碍。在本研究中，我们想探究小鼠中的这种现象是否也会在人类因低温产生反应时出现。
方法：我们分析了从22名因低温死亡的死者身上采集的脾脏组织。将这些样本与22例未暴露于寒冷环境的对照病例进行比较。我们对CD61（所有血小板的标志物）和CD62P（活化血小板的标志物）进行了免疫组织化学染色。我们还通过扫描电子显微镜评估了脾脏中血小板的形态。
结果：免疫组织化学分析显示，低温组和对照组之间CD61阳性血小板的数量没有显著变化。然而，与对照组相比，低温组含有大量CD62P阳性血小板。免疫组织化学分析还显示，在低温组中，活化的血小板形成聚集体并粘附于脾脏血窦内皮细胞。然而，我们观察到活化血小板周围没有明显的纤维蛋白形成。
结论：低温导致脾脏血小板活化，这可作为低温的一种死后标志物。在复温时，活化的血小板从脾脏释放进入循环可能会促进凝血紊乱。
Background: Accidental hypothermia results in various dysfunctions in the human body. Additionally, coagulation disorder can lead to a life-threatening condition. We previously demonstrated that platelets stored in the spleen were activated and thus triggered coagulation disorder in a mouse model of hypothermia. In the present study, we wanted to investigate if this phenomenon in mice also occurs in humans as a reaction to hypothermia. Methods: We analyzed splenic tissue collected from 22 deceased subjects who have died from hypothermia. These samples were compared with 22 control cases not exposed to cold environment. We performed immunohistochemical staining for CD61 (a marker of all platelets) and CD62P (a marker of activated platelets). We also evaluated the morphology of platelets in the spleen with scanning electron microscopy. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no significant changes in the amounts of CD61-positive platelets between the hypothermia and control cases. However, the hypothermia cases contained abundant CD62Ppositive platelets compared with those of the control cases. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed that the activated platelets formed aggregates and adhered to splenic sinusoidal endothelial cells in the hypothermia cases. However, we observed no significant fibrin formation around the activated platelets. Conclusions: Hypothermia resulted in splenic platelet activation, which may be used as a postmortem marker of hypothermia. The release of activated platelets from the spleen into to circulation upon rewarming may promote coagulation disturbances.