Poverty and Inequality in India: A Re-Examination
Poverty and Inequality in India: A Re-Examination
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DOI：
10.4135/9788132102144.n7
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发表时间：
2002-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Deaton;J. Drèze
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Deaton;J. Drèze
本文提出了印度和印度各州1987-1988年、1993-94年和1999-2000年的一套新的综合贫困和不平等估计数。贫困估计与关于人均支出、国家国内生产总值和农业实际工资的独立证据大体一致。它们表明，1990年代的减贫进程与早先的趋势大体一致。1990年代，地区差距扩大，南部和西部地区的表现远远好于北部和东部地区。各州内部的经济不平等也加剧了，特别是在城市地区和城乡之间。我们简要审查了其他发展指标，例如与健康和教育有关的指标。大多数指标在1990年代继续改善，但社会进步遵循了非常不同的模式，从某些领域的加速进展到其他领域的减速甚至倒退。我们认为，90年代是一个“前所未有的改善”或“普遍贫困”的时期，这种笼统的说法没有得到支持。
This paper presents a new set of integrated poverty and inequality estimates for India and Indian states for 1987-88, 1993-94 and 1999-2000. The poverty estimates are broadly consistent with independent evidence on per-capita expenditure, state domestic product and real agricultural wages. They show that poverty decline in the 1990s proceeded more or less in line with earlier trends. Regional disparities increased in the 1990s, with the southern and western regions doing much better than the northern and eastern regions. Economic inequality also increased within states, especially within urban areas, and between urban and rural areas. We briefly examine other development indicators, relating for instance to health and education. Most indicators have continued to improve in the nineties, but social progress has followed very diverse patterns, ranging from accelerated progress in some fields to slowdown and even regression in others. We find no support for sweeping claims that the nineties have been a period of "unprecedented improvement" or "widespread impoverishment".