Phylogenetic relationships of the paraphyletic 'caprimulgiform' birds (nightjars and allies)
Phylogenetic relationships of the paraphyletic 'caprimulgiform' birds (nightjars and allies)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00552.x
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Mayr, Gerald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mayr, Gerald
在过去的几年中，传统的“Caprimulgiformes”（夜鹰和盟友）相对于Apodiformes（雨燕和蜂鸟）的并系关系已经很明确，但是五个“caprimulgiform”科级分类单元之间的关系仍然存在争议。这些黄昏或夜间活动的鸟类在许多解剖特征上有所不同，本文对 69 个形态特征进行了分析。除了 Nyctibiidae (potoos) 的位置外，单一最简约树的拓扑结构与最近发表的大规模“系统基因组”研究的结果一致。虽然分子数据支持包括 Nyctibiidae 和 Steatornithidae（油鸟）在内的进化枝，但在本分析中，potoos 被证明是 Caprimulgidae（夜鹰）的姐妹分类单元。 Nyctibiidae 和 Caprimulgidae 之间的姐妹群关系在引导鲁棒性和共源性数量方面都得到了强烈支持，并且详细说明形态数据更可能反映这些鸟类的真实关系。提出了分类，并引入了术语 Strisores 来表示包括所有“Caprimulgiformes”和 Apodiformes 的分支。最简单的假设是，Strisores 的茎谱系中存在暗活动的单一起源，而 Apodiformes 中的昼夜活动则相反。然而，现有的数据不能最终排除 Steatornithidae、Podargidae、Aegothelidae 和 Caprimulgidae/Nyctibiidae 茎谱系中暗活动的四重起源。
In the past years, paraphyly of the traditional 'Caprimulgiformes' (nightjars and allies) with respect to Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds) has been well established, but the relationships between the five 'caprimulgiform' family-level taxa remain controversial. These crepuscular or nocturnal birds differ in numerous anatomical features, and here an analysis of 69 morphological characters is performed. Except for the position of the Nyctibiidae (potoos), the topology of the single most-parsimonious tree agrees with the results of a recently published large-scale 'phylogenomic' study. Whereas molecular data support a clade including Nyctibiidae and the Steatornithidae (oilbird), potoos were shown to be the sister taxon of Caprimulgidae (nightjars) in the present analysis. A sister group relationship between Nyctibiidae and Caprimulgidae is strongly supported, both in terms of bootstrap robustness and the number of synapomorphies, and it is detailed that the morphological data are more likely to reflect the true relationships of these birds. A classification is proposed, and the term Strisores is introduced for a clade including all 'Caprimulgiformes' and Apodiformes. It is most parsimonious to assume a single origin of dark activity in the stem lineage of Strisores and a reversal to diurnal activity in Apodiformes. However, a fourfold origin of dark-activity in the stem lineages of Steatornithidae, Podargidae, Aegothelidae and the Caprimulgidae/Nyctibiidae cannot be conclusively excluded with the data at hand.