The Cathode Region in the Glow Discharge
The Cathode Region in the Glow Discharge
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DOI：
10.1063/1.1710254
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发表时间：
1937-11
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
A. K. Brewer;J. W. Westhaver
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. K. Brewer;J. W. Westhaver
目前对辉光放电阴极区的研究分为三个部分：I。负辉光中电子的射程。二.克鲁克斯暗空间的正离子形成。三.进入负辉光的电子的能量。I.在宽的电流和压力范围内，对各种气体的负辉光长度和克鲁克斯暗空间的电位降进行了同时测量。观察到的长度正好对应于莱曼确定的电压相当于阴极电位降的电子的范围。由此可以得出结论，进入负辉光的电子的能量必须对应于整个黑暗空间的电势差。二.在各种条件下测量了克鲁克斯暗空间的长度，并与泰特和史密斯给出的电离碰撞之间的平均自由程进行了比较。利用阿斯顿的电势分布方程和泰特的电离效率值作为电压的函数，计算了每一个电流电子在暗空间中发现的正离子数。这样计算出的正离子数一般来说实际上小于每个电子一个，这与一些研究者估计的50 ~ 100个形成了鲜明的对比。三.进入负辉光的电子的能量分布已被测量的偏转方法，在电子束中的速度的不均匀性可辨别的Willemite螺钉上的荧光点的伸长。对于离开暗空间的电子，没有检测到斑点形状的变化，尽管对于负辉光中的电子，观察到斑点的伸长。实验安排是这样的，可以观察到超过10%的电压波动。从这些研究中得出的一般结论是，进入负辉光的电子的能量与整个阴极电位降密切相关，并且只有一小部分离开阴极的电子的能量在克鲁克斯暗区中消耗。阴极区的一种可能的机制进行了简要概述。
The present study of the cathode region in the glow discharge is divided into three sections: I. The range of the electrons in the negative glow. II. Positive ion formation in the Crookes dark space. III. Energy of the electron entering the negative glow. I. The length of the negative glow and the drop in potential across the Crookes dark space have been measured simultaneously for various gases over a wide current and pressure range. The observed lengths correspond exactly to the range of electrons as determined by Lehmann for voltages equivalent to the cathode potential drop. From this it is concluded that the energy of the electrons entering the negative glow must correspond to the entire difference in potential across the dark space. II. The length of the Crookes dark space has been measured under various conditions and the values obtained compared with the mean free path between ionizing collisions as given by Tate and Smith. The number of positive ions found in the dark space per electron of current has been computed by making use of Aston's equation for the potential distribution and Tate's values for the efficiency of ionization as a function of voltage. The number of positive ions so computed is, in general, materially less than one per electron; this contrasts sharply with from 50 to 100 estimated by some investigators. III. The energy distribution of the electron entering the negative glow has been measured by the deflection method, a nonhomogeneity of velocity in the electron beam being discernible by an elongation of the fluorescent spot on a Willemite screw. No change in the shape of the spot was detected for the electrons leaving the dark space although an elongation of it was observed for electrons in the negative glow. The experimental arrangement was such that fluctuations in voltage of more than 10 percent could have been observed. The general conclusion to be drawn from these studies is that the energy of the electrons entering the negative glow corresponds closely to the entire cathode potential drop, and that only a small fraction of the energy of the electrons leaving the cathode is expended in the Crookes dark space. A possible mechanism for the cathode region is briefly outlined.