HISTORY OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST
HISTORY OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST
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DOI：
10.1093/clinids/17.supplement_2.s318
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发表时间：
1993-11-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
ARMSTRONG, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ARMSTRONG, D
“豁免”一词可以追溯到罗马帝国时期，当时它被用来描述免除服务或责任。最早的医学用途是在公元一世纪描述对蛇咬的抵抗力。然而，在此之前，在希腊的黄金时代，免疫现象得到了很好的描述。最早和最有说服力的豁免描述是由修昔底德写的伯罗奔尼撒战争史[1]。下面这段话摘自他对公元前430年发生的雅典瘟疫的描述：最可怕的是人们在意识到自己感染了瘟疫时陷入的绝望;因为他们会立即采取一种完全绝望的态度，并且，通过这种方式，将失去抵抗的力量。同样可怕的是，人们因护理他人而感染疾病，像绵羊一样死去。这确实造成了更多的死亡比其他任何事情。因为当人们害怕探望病人时，他们就死了，没有人照顾他们;事实上，有许多房子里的所有居民都因缺乏照顾而死亡。另一方面，当他们真的去看望病人时，他们却失去了自己的生命，尤其是那些把行为得体当作荣誉的人。这样的人感到羞愧，认为自己的安全，并进入他们的朋友的房子时，甚至房子的成员-
The word immune can be traced back to the Roman Em-pire where it was used to describe exemption from service or duty. The earliest medical use was in the first century AD to describe resistance to snake bite. Before this, however, the phenomenon of immunity was well described during the golden age of Greece. The earliest and most eloquent de-scription of immunity was written by Thucydides in History of the Peloponnesian War [1]. The following quote is from his account of the plague of Athens, an epidemic of unknown etiology that occurred in 430 BC:The most terrible thing of all was the despair into which people fell when they realized that they had caught the plague; for they would immediately adopt an attitude of utter hopeless-ness, and, by giving in this way, would lose their powers of resistance. Terrible, too, was the sight of people dying like sheep through having caught the disease as a result of nursing others. This indeed caused more deaths than anything else. For when people were afraid to visit the sick, then they died with no one to look after them; indeed, there were many houses in which all the inhabitants perished through lack of any attention. When, on the other hand, they did visit the sick, they lost their own lives, and this was particularly true of those who made it a point of honor to act properly. Such people felt ashamed to think of their own safety and went into their friends' houses at times when even the members of the house-