Frugivorous bird foraging is related to pericarp color and ultraviolet reflectance in fruiting shrub species
Frugivorous bird foraging is related to pericarp color and ultraviolet reflectance in fruiting shrub species
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DOI：
10.1080/13416979.2022.2137095
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Yudai Nagami;Satoshi Nanami;A. Itoh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yudai Nagami;Satoshi Nanami;A. Itoh
鸟类传播种子对植物种群的更新和维持至关重要。鸟类在觅食水果时可能同时依赖于人眼的可见光和紫外线（UV）反射。水果的颜色被认为是一个诚实的信号，可以让鸟类评估营养状况。我们评估了紫外线反射率和果皮颜色的水果成熟度在日本大坂的三个结果灌木的诚实指标。通过测定日本、女贞和日本女贞果实的糖含量和光谱，观察鸟类对目标个体的觅食行为。我们发现，一个模型，包括水果颜色和紫外线反射作为解释变量最好地解释了水果糖含量的变化在E。japonica和L. obtusifolium，而UV反射单独最好地解释了L.山茱萸接下来，我们评估了水果颜色和鸟类觅食行为之间的关系，发现积极觅食和峰值糖含量之间存在很强的时间相关性。鸟类觅食行为在三种灌木中存在差异。这可能是因为鸟类对水果的消费并不完全取决于水果的颜色或糖含量。它必须取决于各种因素，如同种或异种植物的结果邻居的存在和种群水平或群落水平的水果丰度的季节变化。
ABSTRACT Seed dispersal by birds is critical for regeneration and maintenance of plant populations. Birds likely rely on both visible light of human’s eyes and ultraviolet (UV) reflectance when foraging for fruit. Fruit color is suggested to be an honest signal that allows birds to assess nutrient status. We assessed UV reflectance and pericarp color as honest indicators of fruit maturity in three fruiting shrubs in Osaka, Japan. We measured sugar content and light spectra in the fruits of Eurya japonica, Ligustrum obtusifolium and Ligustrum japonicum and observed birds foraging on target individuals. We found that a model including fruit color and UV reflection as explanatory variables best explained variation in fruit sugar content in E. japonica and L. obtusifolium, whereas UV reflection alone best explained variation in L. japonicum. Next, we assessed relationships between fruit color and bird foraging behavior and found strong temporal correlation between active foraging and peak sugar content. Bird foraging behavior differed among the three shrub species. This is probably because fruit consumption by birds is not entirely dependent on fruit color or sugar content of the fruits. It must depend on various factors such as the presence of fruiting neighbors of conspecific or heterospecific plants and seasonal variation of population-level or community-level fruit abundance.