Observing Emotion in Infants: Facial Expression, Body Behavior, and Rater Judgments of Responses to an Expectancy-Violating Event
Observing Emotion in Infants: Facial Expression, Body Behavior, and Rater Judgments of Responses to an Expectancy-Violating Event
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DOI：
10.1037//1528-3542.2.2.179
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发表时间：
2002-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Campos, Joseph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camras, Linda A.;Meng, Zhaolan;Campos, Joseph
11个月大的欧洲、美国、日本和中国婴儿（ns分别为23、21和15）在基线和刺激过程中进行隐蔽的玩具转换过程的录像。在违反期望事件（刺激事件）中，婴儿看物体的时间更长，但没有产生更多与惊讶相关的面部表情。美国和日本的婴儿在刺激时比基线时表现出更多的身体静止，美国婴儿也表现出更多的面部清醒。天真的评分者看了两集都能正确地识别出违反预期的事件。惊奇的判断与婴儿的身体静止和面部清醒显著相关。感兴趣的判断与停止大惊小怪有关。因此，观察者对婴儿情绪的判断可以系统地与原型情绪面部表情以外的行为相关。
Eleven-month-old European-American, Japanese, and Chinese infants (ns = 23, 21, and 15, respectively) were videotaped during baseline and stimulus episodes of a covert toy-switch procedure. Infants looked longer at the object during the expectancy-violating event (stimulus episode) but did not produce more surprise-related facial expressions. American and Japanese infants produced more bodily stilling during stimulus than baseline, and American infants also produced more facial sobering. Naive raters viewing both episodes could correctly identify the expectancy-violating event. Rater judgments of surprise were significantly related to infants' bodily stilling and facial sobering. Judgments of interest were related to cessation of fussing. Thus, observer judgments of infant emotions can be systematically related to behaviors other than prototypic emotional facial expressions.