TRANSPORT OF ELECTRONS IN NONPOLAR FLUIDS
TRANSPORT OF ELECTRONS IN NONPOLAR FLUIDS
复制标题
非极性流体中的电子输运
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.pc.40.100189.002255
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
14.7
通讯作者：
R. Holroyd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Holroyd
非极性流体中的电子输运已经研究了几十年。最初的重点是液化的稀有气体，后来也研究了分子液体（如烷烃）中的多余电子。现在可以获得大约75种非极性液体的流动性数据(1)。这一领域的进展最初受到液体中的杂质如O2、CO2和各种亲电化合物的阻碍。适当的纯化方法的出现刺激了实验研究。最近研究了一些新的化合物，并应用了新的实验技术。目前正在尝试创新的理论方法。这些努力最终将有助于更好地理解液体中电子散射和局部化的基本问题。液体中可以通过电离或注入引入多余的电子。电离可以利用单光子或多光子吸收或高能辐射。注入可以从阴极浸入液体（光电效应）或通过场发射。大多数电子传递的研究需要一个短的激发脉冲。由此产生的电子可以通过许多技术加以监测。一个是直流电导率。尽管离子可能同时形成，但电子的移动速度比分子离子快得多，因此短时间内的电流是由电子的运动产生的。另一种技术是微波
Electron transport in nonpolar fluids has been investigated for several decades. At first the emphasis was on liquified rare gases, and later on excess electrons were also studied in molecular liquids such as alkanes. Now mobility data are available for approximately 75 nonpolar liquids ( 1). Progress in this field was hampered initially by impurities like O2, CO2, and various electrophilic compounds in the liquids. The availability of adequate methods of purification has stimulated experimental studies. Some new compounds have been studied recently, and new experimental techniques are being applied. Innovative theoretical approaches are now being tried. These efforts will eventually provide a better understanding of the basic problems of electron scattering and localization in liquids. Excess electrons can be introduced in liquids either by ionization or by injection. Ionization may utilize single or multiphoton absorption or high energy radiation. Injection can be from a cathode immersed in the liquid (photoelectric effect) or by field emission. Most studies of electron trans port require a short excitation pulse. The electrons produced thereby can be monitored by a number of techniques (2). One is that of DC conduc tivity. Even though ions may be concomitantly formed, electrons move much faster than molecular ions, therefore the current at short times is due to the motion of the electrons. Another technique is that of microwave