Theoretical Considerations for the Improvement of Usage Labelling in Dictionaries: A Combined Formal-Functional Approach
Theoretical Considerations for the Improvement of Usage Labelling in Dictionaries: A Combined Formal-Functional Approach
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改进词典中使用标签的理论考虑：形式与功能相结合的方法
DOI：
10.1093/ijl/ecq029
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Ptaszyński
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ptaszyński
对词典中的标签用法做出正确而明智的决定是出了名的困难。词典编纂者一直在寻找一个详尽而精确的答案，来回答哪些词应该在什么样的词典中标注以及如何标注的问题，但都徒劳无功。这些纯粹是实际问题。然而，它们的根源是缺乏一个坚实的理论基础来应用词典中的非系统信息（即关于使用限制的信息）。因此，本文的目的是双重的：(1)调查对非系统信息的不满意的理论处理的原因，(2)概述一些关于使用标签做出适当判断的一般理论指导方针。对所选文献的研究表明，非系统信息主要是从形式的角度来处理的，主要关注的是语言现象的识别，而不是字典用户的需求。另一方面，严格的功能性词典编纂方法缺乏对信息的正式描述。不过，这两种观点都有一些优势。将正式的、语言学上确定的方法与功能角度的方法相结合，可以为词典编纂者提供一个关于用法标签的决策的坚实的方法框架。
Making correct and informed decisions on labelling usage in dictionaries is notoriously difficult. Lexicographers have been searching in vain for an exhaustive and precise answer to the questions of which words to label in what kind of dictionaries and how to do it. These are purely practical problems. However, they stem from the lack of a firm theoretical basis for the application of diasystematic information (i.e. information about restrictions on usage) in dictionaries. Accordingly, the aim of this article is twofold: (1) to investigate the causes of the unsatisfactory theoretical treatment of diasystematic information, and (2) to outline some general, theoretical guidelines for making adequate judgements concerning usage labelling. An examination of selected literature reveals that diasystematic information is treated chiefly from the formal perspective, the main focus being the identification of linguistic phenomena rather than the needs of the dictionary user. A strictly functional approach to lexicography, on the other hand, lacks the formal description of information. Both perspectives do have some advantages, though. Combining the methods of a formal, linguistically determined approach and those of a functional perspective can provide a solid methodological framework for lexicographers to make decisions concerning usage labelling.