Identification of triacylglycerol remodeling mechanism to synthesize unusual fatty acid containing oils
Identification of triacylglycerol remodeling mechanism to synthesize unusual fatty acid containing oils
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-024-47995-x
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发表时间：
2024-04-26
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Bates，Philip D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parchuri，Prasad;Bhandari，Sajina;Bates，Philip D.
典型的植物膜和储存脂质由五种常见的脂肪酸组成，但超过450种不寻常的脂肪酸积累在各种植物物种的种子油中。植物油是重要的人类和动物营养素，而一些不寻常的脂肪酸，如羟基化脂肪酸（HFA）用于化学工业（润滑剂，油漆，聚合物，化妆品等）。大多数不寻常的脂肪酸是从非农业作物中提取的，导致生产成本高。由于油和膜脂合成的重叠途径中存在HFA不相容的瓶颈，因此将HFA工程化到作物中的尝试是不成功的，Physaria fendlerinaturally通过三酰甘油（TAG）重塑机制克服这些瓶颈，其中HFA在初始合成后并入TAG。TAG重构涉及独特的TAG脂肪酶和两种二酰基甘油酰基转移酶（DGAT），其在合成、部分降解和再合成循环内对不同的立体化学和含酰基的二酰基甘油种类具有选择性。TAG脂肪酶与DGAT 1相互作用，定位于内质网（与DGAT一起）和脂滴周围的斑点，可能在脂滴-ER连接附近形成TAG重塑代谢子。每种表征的DGAT和TAG脂肪酶都可以增加工程化种子油中的HFA积累。
Typical plant membranes and storage lipids are comprised of five common fatty acids yet over 450 unusual fatty acids accumulate in seed oils of various plant species. Plant oils are important human and animal nutrients, while some unusual fatty acids such as hydroxylated fatty acids (HFA) are used in the chemical industry (lubricants, paints, polymers, cosmetics, etc.). Most unusual fatty acids are extracted from non-agronomic crops leading to high production costs. Attempts to engineer HFA into crops are unsuccessful due to bottlenecks in the overlapping pathways of oil and membrane lipid synthesis where HFA are not compatible.Physaria fendlerinaturally overcomes these bottlenecks through a triacylglycerol (TAG) remodeling mechanism where HFA are incorporated into TAG after initial synthesis. TAG remodeling involves a unique TAG lipase and two diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) that are selective for different stereochemical and acyl-containing species of diacylglycerol within a synthesis, partial degradation, and resynthesis cycle. The TAG lipase interacts with DGAT1, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (with the DGATs) and to puncta around the lipid droplet, likely forming a TAG remodeling metabolon near the lipid droplet-ER junction. Each characterized DGAT and TAG lipase can increase HFA accumulation in engineered seed oils.