Evolution of Influence Ranges of Neolithic-Bronze Age Cities in the Songshan Mountain Region of Central China Based on GIS Spatial Analysis
Evolution of Influence Ranges of Neolithic-Bronze Age Cities in the Songshan Mountain Region of Central China Based on GIS Spatial Analysis
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DOI：
10.3390/rs14225631
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yan Tian;Panpan Chen;Peng Lu;Han Yang;Shugang Yang;Li Zhang;Qingli Wei;Xiangli Zhao;Lanbo Guo;Zhen Wang;Rongji Luo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yan Tian;Panpan Chen;Peng Lu;Han Yang;Shugang Yang;Li Zhang;Qingli Wei;Xiangli Zhao;Lanbo Guo;Zhen Wang;Rongji Luo
探索早期城市的影响范围对于理解古代聚落系统和人与环境相互作用背后的机制具有重要意义。由于缺乏有效的研究方法，史前城市影响范围的演变过程和影响机制尚不明确。在本次研究中，我们选择了见证中华文明起源和发展的松山地区作为研究对象。利用GIS空间分析，如“平均近邻”和“泰森多边形”，我们探索了该地区新石器-青铜时代城市的时空分布和影响范围。研究了人类文化和自然环境在这一过程中的作用。结果表明：仰韶文化（7000 ~ 5000 BP）和龙山文化（5000 ~ 4000 BP）早期城市空间分布具有随机性；在二里头文化（3800-3500 BP）和商代（3600-3046 BP）时期，空间分布转变为分散模式。在周代（3046-2256 BP），空间分布模式再次随机化。相应地，二里头文化早期城市的影响范围最大，其次是龙山文化、仰韶文化、商代和周代。这与传统的观点不同，传统的观点认为，随着时间的推移，古城的影响范围不断扩大。自然环境和人类文化都被认为影响着这一进化过程。全新世气候变化及其引发的循环河流下游淤积影响了城市选址，从而影响了早期城市的时空分布和影响范围。二里头文化时期的分封制在这一演变过程中也起到了至关重要的作用。总体而言，仰韶文化、龙山文化和二头文化早期城市的空间分布和影响范围主要受自然环境的影响，商周时期自然环境相对稳定，以封地制度为代表的人文文化起主导作用。
Exploring the influence range of early cities is significant for understanding the mechanisms behind ancient settlement systems and human-environment interactions. Due to a lack of effective research methods, the evolution processes and impact mechanisms of the influence ranges of prehistoric cities are still ambiguous. In this study, we chose the Songshan Mountain region for research, which witnessed the origin and development of Chinese civilization. Using GIS spatial analyses such as the ‘average nearest neighbor’ and ‘Thiessen polygon’, we explored the spatial-temporal distributions and influence ranges of Neolithic-Bronze Age cities in the region. The roles of human culture and the natural environment in the process were also investigated. The results indicated that the spatial distributions of early cities were random during the Yangshao (7000–5000 BP) and Longshan (5000–4000 BP) cultures. During the Erlitou culture (3800–3500 BP) and Shang Dynasty (3600–3046 BP), the spatial distributions changed into dispersed models. During the Zhou Dynasty (3046–2256 BP), the spatial distribution model was random again. Correspondingly, the influence range of early cities during the Erlitou culture is the largest, followed by those of the Longshan culture, Yangshao culture, Shang Dynasty, and Zhou Dynasty. This is different from the conventional view that the ancient city’s influence range continuously expands as time advances. Both the natural environment and human culture are believed to impact this evolutional process. Specifically, the Holocene climate variation and the consequent cyclic river downcutting and silting affect the city site selection and thus the spatial-temporal distribution and influence range of early cities. The enfeoffment system occurring during the Erlitou culture should also have played a vital role in this evolution. In general, the natural environment is more important for the spatial distribution and influence range of early cities during Yangshao, Longshan, and Erlitou cultures, while human culture represented by the enfeoffment system plays a dominant role during Shang and Zhou Dynasties when the natural environment is relatively stable.