Harm reduction in the hills of Northern Thailand
Harm reduction in the hills of Northern Thailand
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DOI：
10.3109/10826089809062208
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Gray, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gray, J
人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）大流行席卷了世界各地的注射毒品使用者（IDU）社区，一旦HIV出现在IDU社区，血清阳性率迅速上升，除非立即采取全面的预防方法。这类措施往往包括向注射吸毒者提供无菌注射设备和分发美沙酮或其他阿片剂替代配方。这些措施都属于减少伤害的范畴，即试图减少对吸毒者、他们的家庭和社区的伤害，包括预防或限制艾滋病毒和其他血液传播病毒的传播。在泰国，HIV-1在注射吸毒者中迅速传播，血清阳性率在一年之内从1%跃升至40%。目前的发病率估计为每100人年11例。本文介绍了在泰国北方的九个Hilltribe社区建立和实施注射毒品使用者之间的针头和注射器交换。这些交换所已经运作了1至3年，有效地限制了艾滋病毒在这些小社区内的传播。针头和注射器交换是由土著工作人员在社区合作下进行的，为建立地方管理的、以社区为基础的减少伤害方案的可行性提供了一个很好的例子。
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic has swept through injecting drug user (IDU) communities around the world, Once HIV is present in an IDU community, seroprevalence rates escalate rapidly unless immediate and comprehensive prevention methods are put in place. Such measures often include providing IDUs with sterile injecting equipment and dispensing methadone or other opiate substitution formulas. These measures fall under the rubric of harm reduction-an attempt to reduce the harm to drug users, their families, and communities, including preventing or limiting the transmission of HIV and other blood-borne viruses. In Thailand, HIV-1 spread rapidly among IDUs with seroprevalence rates jumping from 1 to 40% in the space of a year. Current incidence rates are estimated at 11 per 100 person years. This paper describes the establishment and implementation of needle and syringe exchanges among injecting drug users in nine Hilltribe communities in Northern Thailand. The exchanges have been operating for between 1 and 3 years and have been effective in limiting the transmission of HIV within these small communities. The needle and syringe exchanges are run by indigenous staff with the cooperation of the community and provide a good example of the feasibility of establishing locally-run, community-based harm reduction programs.