Spatial and temporal scaling of sub-daily extreme rainfall for data sparse places

Spatial and temporal scaling of sub-daily extreme rainfall for data sparse places
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数据稀疏地区次日极端降雨量的时空尺度

DOI:
10.1007/s00382-022-06528-2
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Wilby R
Wilby R
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wilby R

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水文气象数据稀缺加上气候变化的不确定性,阻碍了全球改善水、排水和卫生服务的努力。强度-持续时间-频率(IDF)表通常用于设计水基础设施,因此为调整工程标准提供了一个切入点。本文首先介绍了一个新的程序,用于指导降尺度预测变量选择暴雨模拟使用媒体报道的洪泛。然后,我们提出了一个三步的工作流程:(1)空间上缩小规模的每日降雨从网格到点的分辨率;(2)时间尺度从每日系列到亚每日极端天气;(3)极端天气的时间尺度的测试方法within区域气候模式(RCM)模拟在变化的气候条件下。关键的是,我们比较的时刻和参数的时间尺度的年最大系列的每日降雨量到子日极端极端的halls的方法,同时考虑到降雨的不稳定性。该方法适用于坎帕拉,乌干达和基苏穆,肯尼亚使用的统计降尺度模型(SDSM),两个区域协调机制模拟覆盖东非(CP 4和P25),并在混合形式(RCM-SDSM)。我们证明,Gumbel参数(和IDF表)可以可靠地缩放到3小时内的观察和RCM的持续时间。我们的混合RCM-SDSM缩放与直接RCM输出相比,减少了目前气候的IDF估计误差。可靠的参数缩放关系也发现在RCM模拟气候变化条件下。然后,我们讨论了将这种工作流程应用到其他城市地区的实际方面。
Global efforts to upgrade water, drainage, and sanitation services are hampered by hydrometeorological data-scarcity plus uncertainty about climate change. Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) tables are used routinely to design water infrastructure so offer an entry point for adapting engineering standards. This paper begins with a novel procedure for guiding downscaling predictor variable selection for heavy rainfall simulation using media reports of pluvial flooding. We then present a three-step workflow to: (1) spatially downscale daily rainfall from grid-to-point resolutions; (2) temporally scale from daily series to sub-daily extreme rainfalls and; (3) test methods of temporal scaling of extreme rainfallswithinRegional Climate Model (RCM) simulations under changed climate conditions. Critically, we compare the methods of moments and of parameters for temporal scaling annual maximum series of daily rainfall into sub-daily extreme rainfalls, whilst accounting for rainfall intermittency. The methods are applied to Kampala, Uganda and Kisumu, Kenya using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM), two RCM simulations covering East Africa (CP4 and P25), and in hybrid form (RCM-SDSM). We demonstrate that Gumbel parameters (and IDF tables) can be reliably scaled to durations of 3 h within observations and RCMs. Our hybrid RCM-SDSM scaling reduces errors in IDF estimates for the present climate when compared with direct RCM output. Credible parameter scaling relationships are also found within RCM simulations under changed climate conditions. We then discuss the practical aspects of applying such workflows to other city-regions.
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