Modified control strategies for critical source area of nitrogen (CSAN) in a typical freeze-thaw watershed
Modified control strategies for critical source area of nitrogen (CSAN) in a typical freeze-thaw watershed
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典型冻融流域氮临界源区 (CSAN) 的改进控制策略
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.06.026
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发表时间：
2017-08
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Liu Hongbin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wei Peng;Ouyang Wei;Gao Xiang;Hao Fanghua;Hao Zengchao;Liu Hongbin
由于冻融区不同水文条件和季节的氮素流失特征不同，因此对冻融区扩散氮关键源区（CSANs）的管理仍具有挑战性。为了应对这些挑战，在这项研究中提出了一个修改后的策略，使用土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）模拟扩散N负荷的研究集水区。具体而言，CSAN的空间和时间变化所造成的降水和季节的差异被认为是。此外，选择最佳管理措施（BMP）的选择是根据BMP的性能和它们的季节性特征在扩散N控制。冻融季节形成的氮素扩散负荷约占全年氮素扩散负荷的50%。在冻融季节和生长季节，湿润条件下排入河流的氮素负荷比干旱条件下分别高127.4%和181.5%。CSAN的空间分布对冻融季节和生长季节的差异更为敏感。缓冲带（BS）、免耕（NT）和减施氮肥（RNFA）在不同水文条件和季节下对氮素的去除效果存在差异，而造林作业不受这些因素的影响。在平坦地区，重新造林活动的效益较低。当坡度大于2 °的区域进行人工造林时，第一次CSAN的平均脱氮效率可高达82.4%。在第二次CSAN中，BS的平均氮去除效率在冻融季节相对稳定。在整个生长季节，由于侧流的比例较低，BS在湿润年份的氮去除效率比在干燥条件下高8%-10%。氮素去除率在冻融季节较高，生长季节较低，平均值分别为9.3%和6.1%。RNFA 10%和RNFA 20%（分别减少10%或20%的化肥施用量）的氮控制效率在旱季最高，平均氮控制效率分别为9.6%和17.8%。该研究有望改善寒冷地区的扩散污染控制，并提高对BMPs的氮去除效率如何响应水文条件变化的理解。
The management of critical source areas of diffuse nitrogen (CSANs) remains challenging in freeze-thaw areas due to the different N loss characteristics in different hydrological conditions and seasons. To address these challenges, a modified strategy was proposed in this study using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate diffuse N loads in the study catchments. Specifically, the spatial and temporal variations of CSANs caused by differences in precipitation and seasons were considered. In addition, the selection of best management practices (BMPs) was selected according to BMP performance and their seasonal characteristics in diffuse N control. The diffuse N load formed during freeze-thaw seasons accounts for approximately 50% of the annual diffuse N load. The diffuse N load discharged to rivers was higher in wet conditions than dry conditions by 127.4% and 181.5% during freeze-thaw seasons and growing seasons, respectively. The spatial distribution of CSANs was more sensitive to differences between freeze-thaw and growing seasons. Among BMPs, buffer strips (BS), no tillage (NT) and reducing N fertilizer applications (RNFA) all showed differences in their diffuse N removal efficiency under different hydrological conditions and seasons, while reforestation operations were not affected by these factors. The benefit of reforestation operations was lower in flatter areas. When areas with slopes greater than 2 degrees were reforested, the average N removal efficiency of the 1st CSAN could be as high as 82.4%. In the 2nd CSAN, the average N removal efficiency of BS was relatively constant across freeze-thaw seasons. Across growing seasons, the N removal efficiency of BS in wet years was 8%-10% higher than in dry conditions due to the lower percentage of lateral flow. The average N removal efficiency of NT was higher during freeze-thaw seasons and lower during growing seasons with average values of 9.3% and 6.1%, respectively. The N control efficiency of RNFA 10% and RNFA 20% (a 10% or 20% reduction in fertilizer application, respectively) was highest during dry growing seasons with average N control efficiencies of 9.6% and 17.8%, respectively. This study is expected to improve diffuse pollution control in cold areas and to improve the understanding of how N removal efficiency of BMPs responds to variations in hydrological conditions.
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