The calculation of the dosage-mortality curve
The calculation of the dosage-mortality curve
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1935.tb07713.x
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发表时间：
1935-02-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bliss, CI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bliss, CI
剂量-死亡率曲线被解释为一个群体中个体对某种毒剂敏感性的变异的累积正态频率分布，这种敏感性与所用剂量的对数成反比。支持这一解释的事实是，当根据观察到的死亡率推断剂量时，假设易感性呈正态分布，这种推断的剂量（以称为概率位的单位表示）在与其相应的观察到的剂量的对数作图时给出直线。剂量对数的这种使用可以用韦伯定律或amt来解释。毒素被有机体的组织固定。如何转换到一个直线回归线促进精确估计的剂量-死亡率的关系和它的准确性被详细考虑。描述了统计学方法，用于考虑导致0或100%杀灭的试验，用于给予每个测定与其可靠性成比例的权重，用于计算转换的剂量-死亡率曲线的位置和斜率，用于测量回归线与X2检验观察结果的拟合优度，以及计算位置误差和斜率误差以及它们在任何剂量下的组合效应，以μ m表示。术语和程序与R. A.费舍尔，谁贡献了一个附录的情况下，零幸存者。除了一个常见的图表外，使用所述方法所需的所有图表都在本文或Fisher的书中给出。并以Strand的实验为例进行了说明。
The sigmpid dosage-mortality curve is interpreted as a cumulative normal frequency distribution of the variation among the individuals of a population in their susceptibility to a toxic agent, which susceptibility is inversely proportional to the logarithm of the dose applied. In support of this interpretation is the fact that when dosage is inferred from the observed mortality on the assumption that susceptibility is distributed normally, such inferred dosages, in terms of units called probits, give straight lines when plotted against the logarithm of their corresponding observed dosages. This use of the logarithm of the dosage can be interpreted in terms either of the Weber law or of the amt. of poison fixed by the tissues of the organism. How this transformation to a straight regression line facilitates the precise estimation of the dosage-mortality relationship and its accuracy is considered in detail. Statistical methods are described for taking account of tests which result in 0 or 100% kill, for giving each determination a weight proportional to its reliability, for computing the position and slope of the transformed dosage-mortality curve, for measuring the goodness of fit of the regression line to the observations by the X2 test, and for calculating the error in position and in slope and their combined effect at any dosage, expressed in logarithms. The terminology and procedures are consistent with those used by R. A. Fisher, who has contributed an appendix on the case of zero survivors. Except for a table of common logarithms, all the tables required to utilize the methods described are given either in the present paper or in Fisher''s book. A numerical example selected from Strand''s experiments upon Tribolium confusum with CS2 is used for illustration.