Tibetan Printing: Comparison, Continuities, and Change

Tibetan Printing: Comparison, Continuities, and Change
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藏文印刷:比较、延续与变化

DOI:
10.1163/9789004316256_015
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发表时间:
2016
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--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Diemberger H
Diemberger H
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Diemberger H

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佛教女性在书籍的生产中发挥了重要的作用,更具体地说,在作为一种技术创新的印刷的引入中发挥了重要的作用,更具体地说,在引入印刷这一技术创新方面:从Pāla Queen赞助制作精美的棕榈叶手稿《八千诗》中的PrajñāpāRamitā和公元1世纪之交的PAñcarakṣā(见弗罗米加蒂2013年,12-13年),到中国女皇武则天(第690-705年生前),被认为是“发现印刷的女人”(巴雷特,2008年),到日本8世纪赞助印刷的日本皇后ShōToku(见本卷中的Koricki),向13世纪和14世纪资助印刷藏传佛经的元朝蒙古皇后(本卷中的舍拉布桑布),向以不同身份为西藏传统文学杰作做出贡献的无数藏族妇女。本文集中探讨了15、16世纪藏族妇女对书籍印刷的贡献,并与欧洲同时代的藏族妇女作了一些比较。Cho Kyi sgron ma(1422-1455)和Kun tu bzang mo(1464-1549)是当时藏族社会中推动文化创新的藏族妇女中最突出的两个例子。在许多宗教和艺术成就中,他们支持印刷项目,当时这项技术在青藏高原还相对较新,促进了接触*本文是基于英国艺术和人文研究理事会赞助进行的研究。在探索这些藏族妇女的生活时,我得到了许多朋友和同事的帮助,包括弗朗茨-卡尔·埃哈德、伯克哈德·奎塞尔、米歇尔·克莱门特、玛尔塔·塞尔内西、夏松次仁·达瓦、波隆达瓦等。我还特别感谢西尔维娅·霍特对英国中世纪女性的建议。虽然我从他们的建议和信息中受益匪浅,但论文中的所有错误当然都是我的。最后,我的合作伙伴布鲁斯·休特在整个写作过程中提供了宝贵的帮助。
Buddhist women played an important and often not fully recognised part in the production of books and, more specifically, in the introduction of printing as a technological innovation: from the Pāla queen who sponsored the production of exquisite palm-leaf manuscripts of the Prajñāpāramitā in Eight Thousand Verses and the Pañcarakṣā at the turn of the first millennium CE (see Fromigatti 2013, 12–13), to the Chinese Empresses Wu Zetian (r. 690–705), considered to be the woman “who discovered printing”(Barrett 2008), to the Japanese Empress Shōtoku who sponsored printing in 8th century Japan (see Kornicki in this volume), to the Mongolian Empresses of the Yuan court patronising the printing of Tibetan Buddhist scriptures in the 13th and 14th centuries (Sherab Sangpo in this volume), to the innumerable Tibetan women who contributed in various capacities to the production of literary masterpieces of the Tibetan tradition. This article concentrates on the contribution of Tibetan women to the printing of books in the 15th and 16th centuries and draws some parallels with their European contemporaries. Chos kyi sgron ma (1422–1455) and Kun tu bzang mo (1464–1549) are some of the most prominent examples of Tibetan women who promoted cultural innovation in the Tibetan society of their time. Among many religious and artistic accomplishments they supported printing projects when this technology was still relatively new on the Tibetan plateau, promoting access to the* This paper is based on research undertaken with the sponsorship of the British Arts and Humanities Research Council. In exploring the lives of these Tibetan women, I have been assisted by a number of friends and colleagues, including Franz-Karl Ehrhard, Burkhard Quessel, Michela Clemente, Marta Sernesi, Sharshong Tsering Dawa, Porong Dawa and many more. I am also particularly indebted to Sylvia Huot for her advice on English medieval women. While I very much benefitted from their advice and information, all mistakes in the paper are, of course, mine. Finally, my partner Bruce Huett has provided invaluable assistance throughout the writing process.
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