Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Expert Evidence and the Unreliability of Admissions during Police Interviews
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Expert Evidence and the Unreliability of Admissions during Police Interviews
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胎儿酒精谱系障碍、专家证据和警方讯问时承认的不可靠性
DOI：
10.1080/13218719.2016.1149898
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
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通讯作者：
I. Freckelton
中科院分区：
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作者：
I. Freckelton
十多年来，人们已经认识到，胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD），如果没有被发现，可能会导致司法不公，因为它大大减少了刑事犯罪者的罪责，有时甚至是责任。原则上也承认，这种精神失常可能导致向警方提供的供词和供词（可能是对被告不利的重要证据）不可靠。然而，枢密院理事会在Pora v The Queen [2015] UKPC 9一案中的裁决提供了一个权威的法律的先例，承认警方的讯问有可能从FASD患者那里获得不可靠和虚构的供词。这突出表明，刑事司法界的所有部门都需要警惕犯罪者产前接触酒精所造成的相关损害。枢密院理事会的决定也载有有益的警告，防止专家准备超越其专业知识的范围，从事侦探工作和辩护。
It has been recognised for over a decade that Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs), if not identified, can result in miscarriages of justice by reason of profoundly reducing the culpability, and on occasion even the responsibility, of criminal offenders. The potential for such disorders to result in the unreliability of admissions and confessions to police (which may be vital pieces of evidence against accused persons) had also been recognised in principle. However, the decision of the Privy Council in Pora v The Queen [2015] UKPC 9 provides an authoritative legal precedent for recognition of the fact that questioning by police has the potential to yield unreliable and confabulated confessions from persons with FASDs. This highlights the need for all sectors of the criminal justice community to be alert to the presence of relevant impairments arising from pre-natal exposure of offenders to alcohol. The decision of the Privy Council also contains salutary warnings against preparedness of experts to go beyond the parameters of their expertise and to descend into detective work and advocacy.
加拿大公共卫生局（加拿大）
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