Attention and Meaning. The Attentional Basis of Meaning
Attention and Meaning. The Attentional Basis of Meaning
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注意和意义。
DOI：
10.1163/23526416-00301005
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
24.8
通讯作者：
A. AlHarbi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giorgio Marchetti;G. Benedetti;A. AlHarbi
在任何意义建构的认知过程中，注意力都是决定我们的意义是什么、如何表达以及为什么表达的基础。注意力在以下方面发挥主要作用：学习词语的含义，更广泛地说，获得知识、意义、话语和说服力，感知、表现和（重新）构建现实;塑造受众的态度;传达价值观和意识形态。相反，词语的意义，以及更普遍的意义，符号的意义，则为注意操作传达了浓缩的指令，人们必须执行这些指令，才能有意识地体验通过它们表达的东西。语言通过以特定的方式处理和引导注意力，帮助选择，放大和支持某些语义成分和概念，并构建和交流知识，正如心理学和语言学研究所不同地记录的那样。自上个世纪后半叶以来，来自不同背景和不同研究传统的学者们各自独立地开展了各种研究计划，旨在从注意的角度对意义构建进行系统而全面的分析。这些是迄今为止可以确定的主要研究方案;所有研究的详细参考资料可以在书中找到：（i）Silvio Ceccato的操作方法（Ceccato 1969; Ceccato & Zonta 1980; Ceccato &奥利瓦1988），由意大利学者采用，其中主要是Giulio Benedetti（2006，2011）和Giorgio Marchetti（1993，2006，2010）;（ii）Kai-Uwe Carstensen（2001，2007，2011）的认知主义注意语义学;（iii）Simon Scheider（Scheider & Kuhn 2011）的形式化系统;
Among the cognitive processes involved in the construction of any kind of meaning, attention is fundamental in determining what, how and why we mean. Attention plays a primary role in: the process of learning the meanings of words and, more generally, of acquiring knowledge, signification, discourse and persuasion, perceiving, representing and (re) framing reality; shaping the attitudes of the audience; conveying values and ideologies. Conversely, the meanings of words and, more generally, of signs convey condensed instructions for the attentional operations one has to perform in order to consciously experience what is expressed through and by them. Language, by addressing and guiding attention in specific ways, helps to select, amplify and support certain semantic components and concepts, and construct and communicate knowledge, as both psychological and linguistic studies have variously documented. Since the second half of the last century, scholars from different backgrounds and different research traditions, have been undertaking, independently of each other, various research programs aimed at systematically and comprehensively analyzing meaning construction in attentional terms. These are the main research programs that can be identified thus far; detailed references to all the studies can be found in the book:(i) Operational methodology by Silvio Ceccato (Ceccato 1969; Ceccato & Zonta 1980; Ceccato & Oliva 1988), taken up by Italian scholars, prominently among them Giulio Benedetti (2006, 2011) and Giorgio Marchetti (1993, 2006, 2010);(ii) Kai-Uwe Carstensen’s (2001, 2007, 2011) Cognitivist Attentional Semantics;(iii) Simon Scheider’s (Scheider & Kuhn 2011) formalized system;