Vertical Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Driven by Episodic Flooding: A Review
Vertical Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Driven by Episodic Flooding: A Review
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DOI：
10.1029/2022wr032614
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
J. Cantelon;J. Guimond;C. Robinson;H. Michael;B. Kurylyk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Cantelon;J. Guimond;C. Robinson;H. Michael;B. Kurylyk
随着海平面上升，大风暴的频率和强度随着气候变化而增加，低海拔沿海地区越来越容易受到海水洪水的影响。海水淹水可以通过垂直盐水入侵（SWI）导致沿海淡水含水层盐渍化。垂直SWI在沿海地区威胁评估中经常被忽视，尽管它对维持沿海人口的关键淡水资源和不耐盐生态系统构成风险。本文综述了研究垂直SWI的现场和建模方法，以及从先前的研究中获得的盐碱化和冲洗过程的实践和理论认识。该综合研究了受密度依赖流和海洋、水文、地质、气候以及跨时空尺度作用于沿海含水层的人为强迫影响的复杂垂直SWI动态。确定了关键的知识差距，管理挑战和研究机会，以帮助提高我们对新鲜沿海地下水脆弱性的理解。过去的建模研究通常侧重于理想化的含水层系统，因此未来的工作可以考虑更多样化的地质、气候和地形环境。同时进行的现场和建模程序应该持续一段时间，以捕捉物理过程、重复盐渍化和冲刷事件以及延迟的含水层响应之间的相互作用。最后，本综述强调需要改进跨学科（如海岸工程、水文地质学、海洋学、社会科学）的协调和知识转化，以获得对垂直SWI的更全面的理解。还需要对社区、政策制定者和管理人员进行更多的教育，以激励社会行动，解决沿海地下水在气候变化中的脆弱性。
Low‐elevation coastal areas are increasingly vulnerable to seawater flooding as sea levels rise and the frequency and intensity of large storms increase with climate change. Seawater flooding can lead to the salinization of fresh coastal aquifers by vertical saltwater intrusion (SWI). Vertical SWI is often overlooked in coastal zone threat assessments despite the risk it poses to critical freshwater resources and salt‐intolerant ecosystems that sustain coastal populations. This review synthesizes field and modeling approaches for investigating vertical SWI and the practical and theoretical understanding of salinization and flushing processes obtained from prior studies. The synthesis explores complex vertical SWI dynamics that are influenced by density‐dependent flow and oceanic, hydrologic, geologic, climatic, and anthropogenic forcings acting on coastal aquifers across spatial and temporal scales. Key knowledge gaps, management challenges, and research opportunities are identified to help advance our understanding of the vulnerability of fresh coastal groundwater. Past modeling studies often focus on idealized aquifer systems, and thus future work could consider more diverse geologic, climatic, and topographic environments. Concurrent field and modeling programs should be sustained over time to capture interactions between physical processes, repeated salinization and flushing events, and delayed aquifer responses. Finally, this review highlights the need for improved coordination and knowledge translation across disciplines (e.g., coastal engineering, hydrogeology, oceanography, social science) to gain a more holistic understanding of vertical SWI. There also needs to be more education of communities, policy makers, and managers to motivate societal action to address coastal groundwater vulnerability in a changing climate.