Immune Receptor Signaling, Aging and Autoimmunity
Immune Receptor Signaling, Aging and Autoimmunity
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DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-09789-3_21
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Pawelec, Graham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Larbi, Anis;Fueloep, Tamas;Pawelec, Graham
衰老与无数的变化有关，包括葡萄糖代谢、脑功能、激素调节、肌肉稳态和免疫系统的改变。老年人，通常仍被定义为超过65岁，在免疫系统的许多特征上与中年或年轻供体不同。主要观察结果是，老年人无法像年轻人那样科普感染，恢复通常需要更长时间。此外，一些疾病首先出现在年龄增长，可能与免疫系统功能障碍有关。因此，阿尔茨海默病、动脉粥样硬化、11型糖尿病和一些自身免疫性疾病与免疫功能的变化有关。一种主要的免疫细胞群是T细胞，其被认为是导致疾病或免疫抑制的免疫功能障碍的起始和慢性化的原因。尽管衰老过程中B细胞和先天免疫功能的许多变化与疾病的出现有关，但它们并没有像T细胞区室的变化那样得到充分研究和明确划分。适应性免疫系统由T细胞协调，T细胞的激活是启动、维持和终止针对病原体的应答所必需的。抗原及其辅助受体的T细胞受体（TCR）表达和功能的变化与免疫衰老密切相关。在其他一些疾病状态中也发现了某些类似的变化，例如，风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮和癌症。在本章中，我们将总结我们的知识，多链免疫识别受体信号，主要是TCR，在衰老和自身免疫性疾病。
Aging is associated with a myriad of changes including alterations in glucose metabolism, brain function, hormonal regulation, muscle homeostasis and the immune system. Aged individuals, generally still defined as over 65 years old, differ from middle-aged or young donors in many features of the immune system. The major observation is that the elderly population is not able to cope with infections as well as younger adults and recovery generally takes longer. Moreover, some diseases first appear with advancing age and are likely associated with dysfunction of the immune system. Thus, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, type 11 diabetes and some autoimmune disorders are linked to changes in immune function. One major immune cell population implicated as being responsible for the initiation and chronicity of immune dysfunction leading to diseases or immunosuppression is the T-cell. Although many changes in B-cell and innate immune function in aging are associated with the appearance of disease, they are not as well studied and clearly demarcated as changes in the T-cell compartment. The adaptive immune system is coordinated by T-cells, the activation of which is required for the initiation, maintenance and termination of responses against pathogens. Changes in the expression and functions of the T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigen and its co-receptors are closely associated with immunosenescence. Certain similar changes have also been found in some other disease states, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer. In this chapter, we will summarize our knowledge about multichain immune recognition receptor signaling, mainly the TCR, in aging and autoimmune diseases.