CRUCIAL ROLE OF ASTROCYTES IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY
CRUCIAL ROLE OF ASTROCYTES IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.047
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发表时间：
2016-05-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Carmignoto, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steinhaeuser, C.;Grunnet, M.;Carmignoto, G.
星形胶质细胞通过激活不同的神经递质受体和转运蛋白来感知和响应突触活动。星形胶质细胞还通过间隙连接偶联，这允许这些细胞通过神经胶质网络重新分配在强烈神经元活动位点过度积累的K+离子。过去二十年的工作揭示了星形胶质细胞在脑生理学中的重要作用，因此最近的研究揭示了它们参与癫痫等神经系统疾病的病因并不奇怪。对来自药物耐药颞叶癫痫患者和癫痫模型的标本的研究揭示了星形胶质细胞连接蛋白、K+和水通道的表达、定位和功能的改变。此外，在癫痫组织中观察到神经胶质传递紊乱以及谷氨酸转运体和星形胶质细胞谷氨酸和腺苷转化酶（分别为谷氨酰胺合成酶和腺苷激酶）功能障碍。因此，越来越多的证据表明，功能失调的星形胶质细胞在导致癫痫的过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些新的见解可能会促进寻找新的目标，发展新的，更有效的抗癫痫治疗。(C)2015年IBRO。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Astrocytes sense and respond to synaptic activity through activation of different neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. Astrocytes are also coupled by gap junctions, which allow these cells to redistribute through the glial network the K+ ions excessively accumulated at sites of intense neuronal activity. Work over the past two decades has revealed important roles for astrocytes in brain physiology, and it is therefore not surprising that recent studies unveiled their involvement in the etiology of neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Investigation of specimens from patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy and epilepsy models revealed alterations in expression, localization and function of astrocytic connexins, K+ and water channels. In addition, disturbed gliotransmission as well as malfunction of glutamate transporters and of the astrocytic glutamate- and adenosine-converting enzymes - glutamine synthetase and adenosine kinase, respectively - have been observed in epileptic tissues. Accordingly, increasing evidence indicates that dysfunctional astrocytes are crucially involved in processes leading to epilepsy. These new insights might foster the search for new targets for the development of new, more efficient anti-epileptogenic therapies.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Astrocyte-Neuron Interact. (C) 2015 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.