Designing road vehicles for pedestrian protection
Designing road vehicles for pedestrian protection
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.324.7346.1145
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发表时间：
2002-05-11
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Madeley, NJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Crandall, JR;Bhalla, KS;Madeley, NJ
行人和道路车辆之间的碰撞对公共卫生、创伤医学和交通安全专业人员提出了重大挑战。全世界每年因道路交通事故死亡的120万人和受伤的1 000万人中，有三分之一以上是行人。1与受伤的车辆乘员相比，行人遭受更多的多系统损伤，伴随着更高的损伤严重度评分和死亡率。2虽然这些事故中有不成比例的大部分发生在发展中国家和转型国家，但行人伤亡也代表了工业化国家的巨大社会成本。在英国，行人受伤致死的可能性是车辆乘员受伤致死的两倍多，导致社会平均损失57400英镑，几乎是车辆乘员受伤的两倍。4.尽管行人受伤问题很严重，但减少交通伤害的研究几乎完全集中在提高车辆乘员的存活率上。大多数减少行人伤害的尝试都只集中在隔离技术上，如人行天桥、公共教育和交通法规，而不包括对车辆设计的改变。缺乏致力于行人安全的车辆改装的努力主要源于一种社会观点，即大型刚性车辆撞击小型脆弱行人所造成的伤害无法通过以下措施显着减少
Collisions between pedestrians and road vehicles present a major challenge for public health, trauma medicine, and traffic safety professionals. More than a third of the 1.2 million people killed and the 10 million injured annually in road traffic crashes worldwide are pedestrians. 1 Compared with injured vehicle occupants, pedestrians sustain more multisystem injuries, with concomitantly higher injury severity scores and mortality. 2 Although a disproportionately large number of these crashes occur in developing and transitional countries, pedestrian casualties also represent a huge societal cost in industrialised nations. In Britain pedestrian injuries are more than twice as likely to be fatal as injuries to vehicle occupants3 and result in an average cost to society of£ 57 400, nearly twice that of injuries to vehicle occupants. 4 Despite the size of the pedestrian injury problem, research to reduce traffic related injuries has concentrated almost exclusively on increasing the survival rates for vehicle occupants. Most attempts made to reduce pedestrian injuries have focused solely on isolation techniques such as pedestrian bridges, public education, and traffic regulations and have not included changes to vehicle design. The lack of effort devoted to vehicle modifications for pedestrian safety has stemmed primarily from a societal view that the injury caused by a large, rigid vehicle hitting a small, fragile pedestrian cannot be significantly reduced by