TRENDS IN CIGARETTE-SMOKING IN THE UNITED-STATES - THE CHANGING INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND RACE
TRENDS IN CIGARETTE-SMOKING IN THE UNITED-STATES - THE CHANGING INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND RACE
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.261.1.49
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发表时间：
1989-01-06
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
DAVIS, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FIORE, MC;NOVOTNY, TE;DAVIS, RM
使用7次国家健康访谈调查（1974 - 1985）的加权和年龄标准化数据，报告了美国人口吸烟的流行、开始和停止趋势。流行率呈线性下降，1985年男子的流行率以每年0.91个百分点的速度下降到33.5%，妇女的流行率以每年0.33个百分点的速度下降到27.6%。1985年，白人的下降率（每年百分点）为0.57，降至29.4%，而黑人的下降率为0.67，降至35.6%。从1974年到1985年，所有性别种族群体的戒烟率都有所增加，黑人（0.75）和白人（0.77）的年增长率（每年的百分比）大致相当，而女性（0.90）高于男性（0.67）。年轻男性开始吸烟的人数减少（-1.03），而年轻女性的吸烟人数保持不变（+0.11）。黑人（-1.02）的启动率比白人（-0.35）下降得更快。我们的结论是，吸烟率下降，在所有的种族性别组，虽然在一个缓慢的速度比男性女性，并在开始的差异，而不是停止，主要负责收敛的吸烟率在男性和女性之间。
Trends in the prevalence, initiation, and cessation of cigarette, smoking are reported for the US population using weighted and age-standardized data from seven National Health Interview Surveys (1974 to 1985). The decline in prevalence was linear, with the prevalence for men decreasing at 0.91 percentage points per year to 33.5% in 1985 and the prevalence for women decreasing at 0.33 percentage points per year to 27.6% in 1985. For whites the rate of decline (percentage points per year) was 0.57, to 29.4% in 1985, and for blocks the decline was 0.67, to 35.6% in 1985. Smoking cessation increased among all gender-race groups from 1974 to 1985, with the yearly rate of increase (in percentage points per year) about equivalent for blacks (0.75) and whites (0.77), while it was higher in women (0.90) than in men (0.67). Smoking initiation decreased among young men (-1.03), while it remained about the same in young women (+0.11). Initiation decreased at a more rapid rate in blacks (-1.02) than in whites (-0.35). We conclude that smoking prevalence is decreasing across all race-gender groups, although at a slower rate for women than men, and that differences in initiation, more than cessation, are primarily responsible for the converging of smoking prevalence rates among men and women.